Searchable All Clubfoot Research Studies

Go to the Dr. Ponseti's Studies page

• Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot - October 2006 - Ignacio V Ponseti, Miroslav Zhivkov, Naomi Davis, Marc Sinclair, Matthew B Dobbs, Jose A Morcuende
• Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. 2005 Sep-Oct - Morcuende JA, Abbasi D, Dolan LA, Ponseti IV.
• Late recurrence of clubfoot deformity: a 45-year followup. 2003 Jun - Dobbs MB, Corley CL, Morcuende JA, Ponseti IV.
• Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment. 2002 - Ponseti IV.
• The effect of the internet in the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot 2003 - Jose A Morcuende, Martin Egbert, Ignacio V Ponseti
• The Ponseti technique for correction of congenital clubfoot. 2002 Oct - Ponseti IV.(this is a letter to the editor from Dr. Ponseti clarifying how his techniques had been misinterpreted by others in their studies. I can not find a full text of this. If you know of a source, or even have the text saved please share with us!)
• Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment 2002 - Ignacio V Ponseti
• Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: an historical review. 2000 - Dobbs MB, Morcuende JA, Gurnett CA, Ponseti IV.
• Clubfoot management. 2000 Nov-Dec - Ponseti IV.
• Correction of the talar neck angle in congenital clubfoot with sequential manipulation and casting. 1998 - I.V. Ponseti
• Common errors in the treatment of congenital clubfoot. 1997 - Ponseti IV.
• Treatment of congenital club foot. 1992 Mar - Ponseti IV.
• A radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 - I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein
• Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot. 1980 Jan - Laaveg SJ, Ponseti IV.
• Observations on pathogenesis and treatment of congenital clubfoot. 1972 May - Ponseti IV, Campos J.
• The Classic: Congenital Club Foot: The Results of Treatment 1963 - Ignacio V. Ponseti, MD corresponding author Eugene N. Smoley, MD

Note: This is the paper that was ignored by nearly every Orthopaedic Surgeon world wide for over 35 years

The 30 Year Study

(that fueled the parental revolution and was the inspiration for Dr. Ponseti's book, Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment, published in 1996)

• Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note. 1995 Oct - Cooper DM, Dietz FR.

Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method

• Does Strict Adherence to the Ponseti Method Improve IsolatedClubfoot Treatment Outcomes? A Two-institution Review March 2015 - Nancy H. Miller MD, Patrick M. Carry BA, Bryan J. Mark BA, Glenn H. Engelman BA, Gaia Georgopoulos MD, Sue Graham PA-C, Matthew B. Dobbs MD

Clubfoot In History

• From Codivilla to Ponseti: historical narrative review on clubfoot treatment in Italy July 2021 - Flavia Alberghina, Gianluca Testa, Sergio Monforte, Vito Pavone, Antonio Andreacchio
• Francisco Arceo de Fregenal and the treatment of clubfoot up to the sixteenth century - July 2018 - José Ramón Vallejo, José Miguel Cobos

Ponseti Method Training

• Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot After Formal Training in the Ponseti Method: A Multi-Year, International Suryey 2013 - Asitha Jayawardena, BA, Lewis E. Zionts, MD, and Jose A. Morcuende, MD, PhD

Go to the Achilles Tenotomy Studies page

• Well though-out introduction of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy during functional treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Which indications produce the best results? April 2021 - Virginie Nguyen Khac, Marine De Tienda, Valérie Merzoug, Christophe Glorion, Raphaël Seringe, Philippe Wicart
• MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children April 2021 - Manye Yao, Chunxu Zhang, Weyland Cheng, Junhong Guo & Shijie Dong
• Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy under local anaesthetic in the clubfoot clinic was safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, for both children and parents 2021 Jul Benjamin Barkham, Thomas McNally, Aishling Russell, Anna Bridgens, Yael Gelfer
• Effect of Achilles tendon on kinematic coupling relationship between tarsal bones: a pilot finite element study 2020 Jun - Song-Jian Li, Lei Tang, Li Zhao, Cheng-Long Liu, Yu-Bin Liu
• Lengthening of Achilles Tendon from the Percutaneous Tenotomy Procedure in Ponseti’s Method June 2020 - Yen Chang Lin, Wei Ning Chang, Yu Cheng Lai
• Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique 2020 Jan/Feb - Marcelo de Toledo Piza Watzl1, Alair Augusto Sarmet Moreira Damas dos Santos, Armando Leão Ferreira Neto, Danilo Alves de Araujo
• Confirmation of Tenotomy Healing at 3 Weeks Using the Ponseti Protocol January 2020 - Olalekan Anipole, Olayinka Oladiran Adegbehingbe, Oluwagbemiga Ayoola
• Early management of clubfoot by the Ponseti method with complete percutaneous tenotomy of tendoachillis 2019 Aug - Mushtaq Abdulkhaleq Khorsheed, Las Jamal Khorsheed Hwaizi
• A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method May 2019 Saturveithan Chandirasegaran, Roshan Gunalan, Saw Aik, Shaleen Kaur
• Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method September 2018 - Ranjit Deshmukh, Aditi Kulkarni
• Extended Ponseti method for failed tenotomy in idiopathic clubfeet: a pilot study 2018 Sep - Anil Agarwal, Nargesh Agrawal, Sitanshu Barik, Neeraj Gupta
• Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method September 2018 - Ranjit Deshmukh, Aditi Kulkarni
• Percutaneous heel cord release for clubfoot: a retrospective, multicentre cost analysis 2018 Jun - B Hedrick, F K Gettys, S Richards, R D Muchow, C-H Jo, M D Abbott
• Frequency of percutaneous achilles tenotomy in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the ponseti method June 2018 - Chukwuemeka Anisi, Joseph E Asuquo, Innocent Abang, Pius Agweye
• Percutaneous achillotomy in the treatment of congenital clubfoot: should it be performed in the operating theater or the polyclinic? 2018 Jun - Ümit Tuhanioğlu,corresponding author Hasan U. Oğur, Fırat Seyfettinoğlu, Hakan Çiçek, Volkan T. Tekbaş, and Ahmet Kapukaya
• Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons 2018 May - Lewis Agius, Angus Wickham, Cameron Walker, Joshua Knudsen
• Early Results of a New Technique of Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfoot: The Posterior to Anterior Controlled (PAC) Techniques Sharma, MF Butt Feb 2018
• Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up May-Jun 2017 - J G Ríos-Ruiz, D M González-Torres, L A Valdez-Jiménez
• The impact of the early tenotomy of the Achilles tendon on the length and results of the treatment of severe forms of congenital clubfoot January 2017 - Zoran Rakonjac
• A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method May 2019 Saturveithan Chandirasegaran, Roshan Gunalan, Saw Aik, Shaleen Kaur
• ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh- November 2017 - Angela Evans, Mamun Chowdhury, Sohel Rana, Shariar Rahman & Abu Hena Mahboo
• Experience with Ponseti Protocol and Achilles Tenotomy in the management of Clubfoot at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria Apr 2017 - A Adewole, O M Williams, M O Shoga, M O Kayode, S O Giwa
• Initial Correction Predicts the Need for Secondary Achilles Tendon Procedures in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated With Ponseti Casting 2016 - Jan Pooya Hosseinzadeh, Robert B Steiner, Christopher B Hayes, Ryan D Muchow, Henry J Iwinski, Janet L Walker, Vishwas R Talwalkar, Todd A Milbrandt
• A mini-open technique for Achilles tenotomy in infantswith clubfoot Sept 2015 - Rhett MacNeille, William Hennrikus, Brian Stapinski, Garrett Leonard
• Comparative results of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy to combined open Achilles tenotomy with posterior capsulotomy in the correction of equinus deformity in congenital talipes equinovarus 2015 Feb - Emmanouil Grigoriou, Nariman Abol Oyoun, Indranil Kushare, Keith D Baldwin, B David Horn, Richard S Davidson
• Lateral Tibiocalcaneal Angle As a Determinant for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfeet 2015 Aug Seungcheol Kang, Soo-Sung Park
• Reliability of radiographic measures in infants with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method March 2015 - Catherine C Zimmerman, Blaise A Nemeth, Kenneth J Noonan, Timothy P Vanderbilt
• Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? 2014 - P. Nasr, L. Berman & A. Rehm
• Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study 2013 May Hisateru Niki 1, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takaaki Hirano, Hirokazu Okada, Moroe Beppu
• Propofol sedation for infants with idiopathic clubfoot undergoing percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy 2013 Jan - Mohamad Iravani, John Chalabi, Rachel Kim, Edward Ebramzadeh, Lewis E Zionts
• Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Sept 2012 - Hisateru Niki, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takaaki Hirano, Hirokazu Okada, Moroe Beppu
• Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for Tendo-achillis Release in cases of Clubfoot – Technical Note January 2012 - Sandeep Patwardhan, Ashok K Shyam, Parag Sancheti

See a video showing the Needle Tenotomy procedure
EDIT: This video is no longer public. You may be able to view it by contacting the authors of the paper directly.

• Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure: safety and efficacy as part of the Ponseti serial casting protocol for clubfoot 2012 Jun - Ehud Lebel, Michael Karasik, Mariella Bernstein-Weyel, Yuri Mishukov, Amos Peyser
• Multiple tenotomies after Ponseti method for management of severe rigid clubfoot 2011 Nov - Hazem M ElTayeby
• Safety of percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy performed under general anesthesia on infants with idiopathic clubfoot 2009 Dec - Stephen A Parada 1, Glen O Baird, Roberto A Auffant, Bryan J Tompkins, Paul M Caskey
• Analytical radiography of clubfoot after tenotomy 2008 Sep - Antoine de Gheldere, Pierre-Louis Docquier
• Predicting the need for tenotomy in the Ponseti method for correction of clubfeet July-Aug 2004 - David M Scher, David S Feldman, Harold J P van Bosse, Debra A Sala, Wallace B Lehman

Botox for tendon lengthening.

Botulinum toxin in treatment of clubfoot relapse - Patent application by Chrinstine Alvarez - status: Abandoned

• Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Placebo for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Two-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial - Sept 2018 - Christine M Alvarez, James G Wright, Harpreet Chhina, Alyssa Howren, Peggy Law
• Early ultrasonographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet treated with manipulations, casts, and Botox®: A double-blind randomized control trial - Feb 2015 - Alyssa M. Howren, Douglas H. Jamieson, and Christine M. Alvarez
• Onabotulinumtoxin A injections: a safety review of children with clubfoot under 2 years of age at BC Children's Hospital Harpreet - March 2014 - Chhina, Alyssa Howren, Andrea Simmonds, Christine M Alvarez
• The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study - Sept 2009 - Robert Jay Cummings
• The Use of Botulinum Type A Toxin in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: 5-year Follow-up - Sept 2009 - Alvarez, Christine M. MD, FRCSC, MSc; De Vera, Mary A. MSc; Chhina, Harpreet MSc; Williams, Linda PT; Durlacher, Kim BPE, BScOT, CHT; Kaga, Serap BSc, CO
• Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Utilizing Botulinum A Toxin A New Method and its Short-term Outcomes - March 2005 - Alvarez, Christine M MD, FRCSC, MSc (Surg); Tredwell, Stephen J MD, FRCSC; Keenan, Sean P MD, FRCPC, MSc (Epid); Beauchamp, Richard D MD, FRCSC; Choit, Rachel L BSc; Sawatzky, Bonita J PhD; De Vera, Mary A BSc

Go to the Age When Treatment Begins Studies page

*See the "Neglected Clubfoot" section for papers studying the Ponseti Method for children of walking age, or older.

• Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review July 2020 - Sally M. Trout, Amanda T. Whitaker
• Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study January 2020 - Arun K Vaishy, Mohd Arif, Deepshikhar Acharya, Ramakishan Choudhary, Prem M Seervi, Ravi Kumar
• Timing for Ponseti clubfoot management: does the age matter? 90 children (131 feet) with a mean follow-up of 5 years Jan 2018 Yu-Bin Liu,Song-Jian Li,Li Zhao,Bo Yu &Da-Hang Zhao
• Early application of the Ponseti casting technique for clubfoot correction in sick infants at the neonatal intensive care unit July 2016 - Ehud Lebel, Eliraz Weinberg, Tamar M. Berenstein-Weyel, Ruben Bromiker
• Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) by Ponseti Casting Technique in Neonates: Our Experience May 2015 - Md Ullah, Kazi Md. Noor-ul Ferdous, Md Shahjahan, Sk Abu Sayed
• Does Clubfoot Treatment Need to Begin As Soon As Possible? April 2015 - Lewis Zionts, Sophia Sangiorgio, Shannon D Cooper, Edward Ebramzadeh
• Treatment of Clubfoot with the Ponseti Method: Should We Begin Casting in the Newborn Period or Later? September 2010 - Serkan Iltar, Mehmet Uysal, Kadir Bahadır Alemdaroğlu, Nevres hurrıyet Aydogan, Talip Kara, Doğan Atlihan
• Ponseti Method: Does Age at the Beginning of Treatment Make a Difference? 2009 May - Cristina Alves, MD, FEBOT, corresponding author Carolina Escalda, MD Pedro Fernandes, MD, FEBOT Delfin Tavares, MD and M. Cassiano Neves, MD

Go to the Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT page

• Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet - Oct 2021 - Kyle Korth, Scott Bolam, Ellen Leiferman, Thomas Crenshaw, Michael Dray, Haemish A Crawford, Maegen Wallace, Matthew A Halanski
• Lateral Cuneiform Ossification and Tibialis Anterior Tendon Width in Children Ages 3 to 6: Implications for Interference Screw Fixation of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfers in Children. - April 2022 - Meyer ZI, Polk JL, Zide JR, Kanaan Y, Riccio AI.
• Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique - Mar 2007 - Matthew B Dobbs 1, Derek B Purcell, Ryan Nunley, Jose A Morcuende
• Anterior tibial tendon transfer in residual dynamic clubfoot deformity - Jan 2001 - K N Kuo 1, S P Hennigan, M E Hastings
• Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet - June 2000 - E Ezra, S Hayek, A N Gilai, O Khermosh, S Wientroub
• Anterior tibial tendon transfer in relapsing congenital clubfoot: long-term follow-up study of two series treated with a different protocol - Jan 2000 - Pasquale Farsetti, Roberto Caterini, Federico Mancini, Vito Potenza, Ernesto Ippolito

Go to the Biology and Etiology of Clubfoot Studies page

• Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot June 2020 - Jing Ding, Zhenpeng Liang, Weijia Feng, Qixun Cai
• Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot May 2020 - Tomas Novotny, Adam Eckhardt, Jarmila Knitlova, Martina Doubková, Martin Ostadal, Jirí Uhlík, Jana Musílková
• Novel contribution to clubfoot pathogenesis: The possible role of extracellular matrix proteins January 2019 - Adam Eckhardt, Tomas Novotny, Martina Doubková, Lucia Hronkova, Ludek Vajner, Statis
• The congenital clubfoot – immunohistological analysis of the extracellular matrix August 2018 - Arno Kerling, Gisela Stoltenburg-Didinger, Lena Grams, Uwe Tegtbur, Hauke Horstmann, Momme Kück, Holger Mellerowicz
• Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes - July 2008 - Christina A Gurnett 1, Stephanie Boehm, Anne Connolly, Tyler Reimschisel,
• Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes - July 2008 - Christina A Gurnett 1, Stephanie Boehm, Anne Connolly, Tyler Reimschisel, Matthew B Dobbs

Go to the Bracing Studies page

"The goal of the extensive bracing regime is to prevent recurrence by opposing the deforming forces at the medial ankle–foot joints that persist or reoccur after initial correction of the clubfoot" (Ponseti 2002, Dobbs and Gurnett 2009, Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017).

• Factors that Influence Acquisition of Lower Extremity Braces in the Pediatric Orthopaedic Population Jan 2022 - Anna Rambo, Leslie Rhodes, Justin Lomax, Xueyuan Cao, Jack Steele, Karen Romer, David Spence, Benjamin W Sheffer, William C Warner, Jeffrey R Sawyer, Derek M Kelly
• Quality of life of clubfoot patients during the brace period of the Ponseti method - 2021 - Arnold T. Besselaar, Laura Melis, M.C. (Marieke) van der Steen
• Bracing in Clubfoot: What is Different in 2021? July 2021 Shobhit Gupta, Anil Agarwal
• Development of a functional prototype of a SMART (Sensor-integrated for Monitoring And Remote Tracking) foot abduction brace for clubfoot treatment: a pre-clinical evaluation April 2021 - Alaric J Aroojis, Tapas Pandey, Ajay Dusa, Arun G Krishnan, Rupesh Eknath Ghyar, Bhallamudi Ravi
• Clubfoot relapse: does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse? September 2017 - Susan T Mahan, S. A. Spencer, C. J. May, Victoria Prete, J. R. Kasser
• Significance Of Pirani Score at Bracing-Implications for Recognizing A Corrected Clubfoot 2017 - Mansoor Ali Khan, Muhammad Amin Chinoy, Rida Moosa, Syed Kamran Ahmed

NOTE: This paper has important information about bracing and relapse

• Development of a surrogate biomodel for the investigation of clubfoot bracing - October 2012 - Andrew J Dimeo Sr, David S Lalush, Edward Grant, Jose A Morcuende

Bracing Comparisons

• Design and evaluation of a unilateral brace for preventing clubfoot relapse: A prospective study - Feb 2025 -- Fabricio ZapparoliJosé B Volpon
• The influence of brace type on the success rate of the Ponseti treatment protocol for idiopathic clubfoot April 2011 - Yoram Hemo, Eitan Segev, Ariella Yavor, Dror Ovadia, Shlomo Wientroub, Shlomo Hayek
• A modification of the Ponseti method for clubfoot management: a prospective comparative study July 2021 - Reda Sheta, Mohamed El-Sayed, Hisham Abdel-Ghani, Sameh Saber, Amani Salah, Eldin Mohammed, Tohamy Gouda, Tohamy Hassan
• The foot external rotation above knee (FERAK) brace versus the Denis Browne brace for management of idiopathic clubfoot following Ponseti casting: a randomized controlled trial March 2021 - Mohamed Hegazym, Hassan El Barbary, M. Hammoud, Amr Arafa, Mohamed Tageldeen Mohamed, Ahmed Samir Barakat, Ahmed A
• Is unilateral lower leg orthosis with acircular foot unit in the treatment ofidiopathic clubfeet a reasonable bracing alternative in the Ponseti method? Five-year results of a supraregional paediatric-orthopaedic centre July 2018 - N. Berger, D. Lewens, M. Salzmann, A. Hapfelmeier, L. Döderlein, P. M. Prodinger
• Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet May 2017 - C. Sætersdal, J. M. Fevang, L. B. Engesæter

Foot Abduction Brace/Bar (FAB, BnB, Boots & Bar, DBB)

• Development of a functional prototype of a SMART (Sensor-integrated for Monitoring And Remote Tracking) foot abduction brace for clubfoot treatment: a pre-clinical evaluation April 2021 - Alaric J Aroojis, Tapas Pandey, Ajay Dusa, Arun G Krishnan, Rupesh Eknath Ghyar, Bhallamudi Ravi
• Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: Results of Treatment and Are We Bracing Effectively? 2021 Jan - John M Ranson, Graham Nuttall, Robin W Paton
• Foot abduction brace noncompliance in children with idiopathic clubfoot: how the deep squatting posture might help October 2020 - Pipattra Sailohit, Noppachart limpaphayom
• Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method 2019 Nov - N Limpaphayom, MD corresponding author and P Sailohit, MD
• Effect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace November 2019 - Agarwal, Anil; Barik, Sitanshu
• Perspective Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? June 2019 - Y. Hemo, R Gigi, S. Wientroub
• Bracing in clubfoot: do we know enough? June 2019 - C. Alves
• Effect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace 2019 - Anil Agarwal and Sitanshu Barik
• Open-Source Three-Dimensional Printable Infant Clubfoot Brace Project: The Do-It-Yourself approach and open source solutions applied to all fields of our life (even for research purposes) February 2019 - Benjamin Savonen, John Gershenson, Jennifer K. Bow, Joshua M Pearce (this is not recommended. This brace can not possibly work. It is only included because it's so ridiculous.)
• The foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace January 2017 - Anil Agarwal, Anubrat Kumar, Madhusudan Mishra
• The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings January 2017 - Daniel Augusto Carvalho Maranho, Fabio Henrique Luiz Leonardo, Carlos Fernando P. S Herrero, Edgard Eduard Engel, Jose Batista Volpon, Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa
• Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet 2017 Jun - C Sætersdal, J M Fevang, L B Engesæter
• Is the same brace fit for all? The length of abduction bar in Steenbeek foot abduction brace for Indian children—A pilot study October 2017 - Anil Agarwal, Nargesh Agrawal, Anurajan Dubey, and Neeraj Gupta
• Steenbeek foot abduction brace for clubfoot: Cost-effective but is it effective? A prospective study May 2017 - Thatikonda Sai Dinesh, Prem Kotian
• The Dynamicity of Steenbeek Foot Abduction Brace for Clubfoot in Dorsiflexion and Pronation: A Pilot Study April 2016 - Anil Agarwal, MS, Anubrat Kumar, MS, Abbas Shaharyar, MS, Madhusudan Mishra, MS
• Factors predicting brace noncompliance among idiopathic clubfoot patients treated with the Ponseti method Dec 2015 - Ayman H.Jawadi FRCSI, Essam M.Al-Abbasi MBBS, Hani A.Tamim PhD.
• Factors affecting adherence with foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti method February 2015 - Süleyman Bora Göksan, Fuat Bİlgİlİ, İlker Eren, Ayşegül Bursalı, Eylem Koç
• Prospective evaluation of the use of Mitchell shoes and dynamic abduction brace for idiopathic clubfeet November 2014 - Chong, David Y.; Finberg, Naomi S.; Conklin, Michael J.; Doyle, John Scott; Khoury, Joseph G.; Gilbert, Shawn R.
• The Ponseti method of treatment for clubfoot in Brazil: barriers to bracing compliance 2013 - Monica Paschoal Nogueira, Mark Fox, Kathleen Miller, Jose Morcuende
• Orthosis Noncompliance After the Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfeet: A Relevant Problem That Needs Reevaluation September 2011 - Norman Ramirez, John M Flynn, Samuel Fernández, Wallace Seda, Raul Macchiavelli
• Positive Communication Paradigm Decreases Early Recurrence in Clubfoot Treatment (**See 2009 paper below**) August 2013 - Matthew L Morin, Daniel Matthew Hoopes, **Elizabeth A Szalay
• Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Experience With the Mitchell-Ponseti Brace October 2012 - Lewis Zionts, Nathan Frost, Rachel Kim, Edward Ebramzadeh, J. Vernon Luck, Sr., Sophia Sangiorgio
• Bracing in the treatment of children with clubfoot: past, present, and future 2010 - Lajja Desai, BSE, Florin Oprescu, MD, PhD, Andrew DiMeo, PhD,* and Jose A Morcuende, MD, PhD
• Bracing Following Correction of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method August 2010 - Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Dietz, Frederick R. MD
• Improved bracing compliance in children with clubfeet using a dynamic orthosis. 2009 - Garg S, Porter K.
• Effect of cultural factors on outcome of Ponseti treatment of clubfeet in rural America (**See 2013 paper above**) 2009 - Avilucea FR, **Szalay EA, Bosch PP, Sweet KR, Schwend RM
• Sedation protocols for Ponseti clubfoot Achilles tenotomy Dec 2007 - Noam Bor, Yeshayahu Katz, Oded Vofsi, John E. Herzenberg, Aaron L. Zuckerberg
• Foot abduction brace in the Ponseti method for idiopathic clubfoot deformity: torsional deformities and compliance 2007 Sep - Stephanie Boehm, Marc Sinclair
• A new dynamic foot abduction orthosis for clubfoot treatment. 2007 - Ryan Chen, J Gordon, Scott Luhmann, Perry Schoenecker, Matthew Dobbs
• Use of the foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti casts: is it essential? 2005 - Mihir M. Thacker, MD, David M. Scher, MD, Debra A. Sala, MS, PT, Harold J. P. van Bosse, MD, David S. Feldman, MD, and Wallace B. Lehman, MD
• Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet 2004 - Matthew B Dobbs, J R Rudzki, Derek B Purcell, Tim Walton, Kristina R Porter, Christina A Gurnett
• Early results of the Ponseti method using the Steenbek foot abduction brace: A prospective study of 95 feet. 2000 - Bouchoucha S, Smida M, Saïed W, et al

Bracing Time/Length & Compliance

• Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in Uganda - 2023 Jul - Marieke Dreise, Catherine Elkins, Moses Fisha Muhumuza, Henry Musoke, Tracey Smythe, Javier Abián-Vicén
• Use of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use - March 2020 - Ahsan A. Khan, Nancy Abarca, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Nina Cung, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Joel Lerman, Shriners Hospitals for Children,
• Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in UgandaUse of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use March 2020 - Ahsan A. Khan, Nancy Abarca, Nina Cung, Joel Lerman
• Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Scores in Pediatric Patients With Arthrogryposis - August 2021 - Lauren C. Hyer Lisa T. Carson Ashley M. Carpenter David E. Westberry
• Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? June 2019 - Y. Hemo, R Gigi, S Wientroub
• Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method 2019 Nov - N Limpaphayom, MDcorresponding author and P Sailohit, MD
• Design and descriptive data of the randomized Clubfoot Foot Abduction Brace Length of Treatment Study (FAB24) 2017 March - Matthew B Dobbs, Steven L Frick, Vincent S Mosca, Ellen Raney, Harold J VanBosse, Joel A Lerman, Vishwas R Talwalkar, Karen Steger-May, Christina A Gurnett
• The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot 2016 - Sophia N. Sangiorgio, PhD, Nathan C. Ho, MS, Rebecca D. Morgan, BS, Edward Ebramzadeh, PhD, and Lewis E. Zionts, MD
• Prolonged use of foot abduction brace reduces the rate of surgery in Ponseti-treated idiopathic club feet June 2015 - Lior Shabtai, E Segev, A Yavor, Shlomo Wientroub, Yoram Hemo
• A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Reported and Measured Wear Rates in Clubfoot Bracing Using a Novel Pressure Sensor April 2014 - Aaron Morgenstein, Rebecca Davis, Vishwas Talwalkar, Henry Iwinski, Janet L Walker, Todd A Milbrandt

Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism (ADM)

• Unilateral Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism Brace as an Attractive Alternative of Congenital Talipes Equino-Varus Treatment – a Preliminary Report 2023 - Marcin Zgoda, Ting Yang Tan, Lucy Whelan
• Early Experience with the C-PRO ADM Brace in Clubfoot July 2020 - Susan T Mahan, Collin J May and James R Kasser
• A new unilateral abduction orthosis for Ponseti-treated clubfoot: A cohort study to assess compliance December 2018 - Sarah McCartney, Sarah Turner, Kirsty Davies, Jan Morris, Claire Sproston, Nigel Kiely

ADM prospective studies

*This is not a published paper or confirmed study; but it might be ongoing. If you wish to participate see this page and email the study contact.
Feasibility of Other Orthosis for Talipes (FOOT) trial - Nigel Kiely - United Kingdom

Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

• Outcome of ponseti method in treating congenital idiopathic clubfoot: Five years’ experience at a tertiary hospital April 2018 - Mohd Yazid Bajuri, Srijit Das
• Unilateral foot abduction orthosis: is it a substitute for Denis Browne boots following Ponseti technique? 2011 Jan - Harvey L George, Puthenveetil Nithin Unnikrishnan, Neeraj K Garg, Jay Sampath, Colin E Bruce
• A comparison of ankle foot orthoses with foot abduction orthoses to prevent recurrence following correction of idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method 2011 May - J A Janicki, J G Wright, S Weir, U G Narayanan

Go to the Casting Studies page

• Conventional Versus Accelerated Ponseti in the Management of Cases of Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Mokhtar A Alsayed, Mohamed A Hussein, Raad M Althaqafi, II, Ali Alyami
• Synthetic Cast Material Versus Plaster of Paris for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Protocol: A Comparative Analysis of 136 Feet May 2021 - Sergio Monforte, Flavia Alberghina, Matteo Paoness, Federico Canavese, Antonio Andreacchio
• Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study April 2021 - Balasankar Ganesan, Joanne Yip, Ameersing Luximon, Paul J. Gibbons, Alison Chivers, Suchita Kothe Balasankar, Raymond Kai-Yu Tong, Rifai Chai, Adel Al-Jumaily
• Treatment for Clubfoot: Stockinette Versus Webril Cast Padding in the Ponseti Method November 2020 - Marien, Meaghan MD, FRCSC; Abouassaly, Marcel MD, FRCSC; Jarvis, James MD, FRCSC; Smit, Kevin MD, FRCSC; Kontio, Ken MD, FRCSC
• Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method – Parental distress during plaster casting April 2020 - Christian Walter, Saskia Sachsenmaier, Markus Wünschel, Martin Teufel
• Ponseti casting for clubfoot - fiberglass or plaster casting? 2019 - Mohammed Salih Albakri FICMS., Aseel Omer Alrawi D.G.O., Ammar Hamdan Alrawi M.Sc
• A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method May 2019 Saturveithan Chandirasegaran, Roshan Gunalan, Saw Aik, Shaleen Kaur
• Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Nov/Dec 2018 - Dahang Zhao, Hai Li, Li Zhao, Ken N Kuo, Xuan Yang, Zhenkai Wu, Jianlin Liu, Jie Zhu

Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.

• Proposal of an innovative casting technique for correction of clubfoot according to Ponseti method: a pilot study September 2018 - Cosimo Gigante, Luisella Pedrotti
• Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot 2016 - Chatupon Chotigavanichaya MD, Perajit Eamsobhana MD, Thanase Ariyawatkul MD, Charikdhamma Saelim MD, Kamolporn Kaewpornsawan MD

NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.


• Treatment of Clubfoot With Ponseti Method Using Semirigid Synthetic Softcast 2015 - B. K. Aydin, H. Sofu, Yunus Kirac
• Comparison of cast materials for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: a prospective randomized controlled trial 2014 - Catherine Hui, MD, Elaine Joughin, MD, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, PhD, Simon Goldstein, MD, James Harder, MD, Gerhard Kiefer, MD, David Parsons, MD, Carmen Brauer, MD, and Jason Howard, MD
• Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? 2013 Oct - Anil Agarwa, Neeraj Gupta
• Ponseti casting A NEW SOFT OPTION Nov 2008 - M. B. S. Brewster, M. Gupta, G. T. R. Pattison, I. D. Dunn-van der Ploeg
• Treatment of clubfoot with the Ponseti method: a comparison of casting materials March 2008 - Douglas E Pittner, Kevin E Klingele, Allan C Beebe
• Effect of Cast Removal Timing in the Correction of Idipoathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method February 2007 - Gaston Terrazas-Lafargue, Jose A Morcuende
• Ponseti versus traditional methods of casting for idiopathic clubfoot. 2002 Jul-Aug - J Herzenberg JE, Radler C, Bor N. Pediatr Orthop.
• Parent satisfaction comparing two bandage materials used during serial casting in infants. - Coss HS, Hennrikus WL. Foot Ankle Int. 1996 Aug
• Mechanical properties and material characteristics of orthopaedic casting material.1989 - Mihalko WM, Beaudoin AJ, Krause WR

Accelerated or "Fast" Casting

• Original versus Accelerated Ponseti Techniques in Treatment of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus January 2024 - Ahmed A. Moneim Abdel Fatah, Haitham S. Aboqamr, Elsayed M. Mohamady
• Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique May 2021 - Alaaeldin A Ahmad, Ahmed F. Ghanem, Jihad M. Hamaida, Mosab Maree, Loai Aker, Mohammed I. Abu Kamesh, Suliman N. Berawi
• Accelerated Ponseti method: First experiences in a more convenient technique for patients with severe idiopathic club feet April 2020 - Alaaeldin A. Ahmada Loai Akerb
• Results of a Standard versus an Accelerated Ponseti Protocol for Clubfoot: A Prospective Randomized Study 2020 Mar - Mir Shahidul Islam, Qazi Manaan Masood, Arshad Bashir, Faisal Y Shah, Manzoor A Halwai
• ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh- November 2017 - Angela Evans, Mamun Chowdhury, Sohel Rana, Shariar Rahman & Abu Hena Mahboo
• Traditional and accelerated Ponseti technique: a comparative study January 2015 - Hatem S A Elgohary, Mazen Abulsaad
• An accelerated Ponseti versus the standard Ponseti method A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial March 2011 - P. Harnett, R. Freeman, W. J. Harrison, L. C. Brown, V. Beckles
• Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. 2005 Sep-Oct - Morcuende JA, Abbasi D, Dolan LA, Ponseti IV.

Go to the Complex and Atypical Clubfoot Studies page

• Management of complex idiopathic clubfoot using modified Ponseti method - March 2023 - Akash Yadav, Mohd. Baqar Abbas, Yasir S Siddiqui, Mohd. Julfiqar, MJ Khan, Mazhar Abbas
• Outcome of Atypical & Complex Clubfoot Managed by Modified Ponseti Method—A Prospective Study - January 2022 - Ankur Patel MBBS, DNB, Aaditya Keerti Mongia MBBS, DNB, Raj Kumar Sharma MBBS, DNB, Rochak Saini MBBS, DNB, Chetan Chaudhary MBBS, DNB, Sukhmin Singh MBBS, MS
• Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review June 2021 - Omar A. Al-Mohrej, Fawaz N. Alshaalan & Thamer S. Alhussainan
• Complex Clubfoot Treatment With Ponseti Method: A Latin American Multicentric Study May-June 2020 Allende, Victoria MD; Paz, Miguel MD; Sanchez, Sergio MD; Lanfranchi, Lucas MD; Torres-Gomez, Armando MD, MSc, FACS; Arana, Erika MD; Nogueira, Mónica P. MD; Masquijo, J. Javier MD
• Clinical outcomes of iatrogenic complex clubfoot treated with modified Ponseti method May 2020 - Serda Duman, Yalkin Camurcu, Adem Cobden, Hanifi Ucpunar, Nazim Karahan & Aysegul Bursali
• Using the modied Ponseti method to treat complex clubfoot: early results - April 2020 - Celal Bozkurt, Serkan Sipahioğlu Harran Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Baran Sarıkaya Mehmet, Akif Altay, Baki Volkan Çetin
• Challenging clubfeet: The arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot - June 2019 - H. J. P. van Bosse
• Evaluation of modified Ponseti technique in treatment of complex clubfeet May 31, 2018 - Pushpvardhan Mandlecha, Rajesh Kumar Kanojia, Vishal Singh Champawat, Arvind Kumar
• Complex iatrogenic clubfoot: is it a real entity? Sept 2018 - Massimiliano Dragoni, Armando Gabrielli, Pasquale Farsetti, Diego Bellini, Pierluigi Maglione, Ernesto Ippolito
• Treatment of complex idiopathic clubfoot using the modified Ponseti method: up to 11 years follow-up 2017 Mar - Hosam E Matar, Peter Beirne, Colin E Bruce, Neeraj K Garg
• Atypical clubfoot: Early identification and treatment by modification of the standard Ponseti Technique July 2015 - Anil Gupta, Aamir Hakak, Rajinder Singh, Abdul Ghani, Javaid Ahmad
• Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot October 2006 - Ignacio V Ponseti, Miroslav Zhivkov, Naomi Davis, Marc Sinclair, Matthew B Dobbs, Jose A Morcuende
• Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities February 2006 - Süleyman Bora Göksan, Aysegul Bursali, Fuat Bilgili, Sevan Sıvacıoğlu, Semih Ayanoğlu

Go to the Clubfoot Score/Assessments and Classifications Studies (Severity) page

• Change in the severity of congenital clubfoot in the first week of life January 2020 - Igor Yu. Kruglov, Nicolai Yu. Rumyantsev, Gamzat G. Omarov, Natalia N. Rumiantceva

Clubfoot Severity Scoring/Classification (initial assessment)

• Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? 2021 Mohammad Ali, Tahririan, Mohammadreza Piri Ardakani, Sara Kheiri
• Predictive ability of scoring systems towards casting in treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method in infants 2020 Nov - Abhishek Jain, Parmanand Gupta, Siddharth Kothari, Vikas Bachhal
• Assessment of severity of clubfoot in walking children by combined multiple tools: A new classification system July 2020 - Nikhil Goyal, Sitanshu Barik, Vivek Singh, Shobha sunilkumar Arora, Udit Chauhan
• Correlation of age and severity scores to the number of Ponseti casts in Indian infants with clubfeet 2020 Jun - Prateek Rastogi, Anil Agarwal, Satyam Singh, Chaitanaya Prakash Meena, Neeraj Gupta
• Clinical examination and classification systems of congenital clubfoot: a narrative review November 2020 - Federico Canavese, Alain Dimeglio
• Prediction of Number of Casts and Need of Tenotomy Using Pirani Score in the Management of Clubfoot 2019 Jul - Ayehualem S, Asmare Y, Abrha M, Muche A.
• Dimeglio Score Predicts Treatment Difficulty During Ponseti Casting for Isolated Clubfoot May/June 2019 - Brazell, Chris BA; Carry, Patrick M. MS; Jones, Alex BA; Baschal, Robin BA; Miller, Nancy MD; Holmes, Kaley S. BA; Georgopoulos, Gaia MD
• Correlation of scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction in the older child 2019 Apr - Anil Agarwal, Mukesh Shanker
• Ponseti Method of Correction of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Deformity Under Two Year of Age Using Dimeglio Scoring System February 2019 - Muhammad Khurram Habib, Ahmad Humayoun Sarfraz, Syed Faraz-Ul-Hassan Shah Gillani, Zeeshan Ali Khan, Faisl Masood
• Are scoring systems useful for predicting results of treatment for clubfoot using the ponseti method? February 2019 - Jiri Jochymek, T. Peterková
• Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Nov/Dec 2018 - Dahang Zhao, Hai Li, Li Zhao, Ken N Kuo, Xuan Yang, Zhenkai Wu, Jianlin Liu, Jie Zhu

Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.

• Interobserver Reliability of Pirani Clubfoot Severity Scoring between an Orthopedic Surgeon, a Resident Doctor, and a Nonmedical Counsellor at a Clubfoot Clinic November 2018 - Pulak Sharma, Rahul Verma, Sanjiv Gaur
• Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method September 2018 - Ranjit Deshmukh, Aditi Kulkarni
• The Role of Pirani Scoring in Predicting the Frequency of Casting and the Need for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method July 2018 - Chukwuemeka Anisi, Joseph E Asuquo, Innocent Abang, Michael Eyong, Osakwe Onyebuchi Gregory, Ngim E Ngim
• Comparison of Dimeglio and Pirani score in predicting number of casts and need for tenotomy in clubfoot correction using the Ponseti method 2018 Mar - Manuele Lampasi, Caterina Novella Abati, Camilla Bettuzzi, Stefano Stilli, Giovanni Trisolino
• Developing a Three-Dimensional (3D) Assessment Method for Clubfoot—A Study Protocol January 2018 - Balasankar Ganesan, Ameersing Luximon, Adel Al-Jumaily, Joanne Yip, Paul J Gibbons, Alison Chivers
• Classification Systems to Evaluate the Clubfoot and Their Potential Use to Predict the Course and the Results of the Ponseti Method Treatment 2018 - J Jochymek, J Turek, T Peterková
• Significance Of Pirani Score at Bracing-Implications for Recognizing A Corrected Clubfoot 2017 - Mansoor Ali Khan, Muhammad Amin Chinoy, Rida Moosa, Syed Kamran Ahmed
• The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Different Levels of Deformity Severity November 2017 - Hua Fan, Yubin Liu, Li Zhao, Caiting Chu, Yongyu An, Tingting Wang & Wenhua Li
• The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Diferent Levels of Deformity Severity May 2017 - Hua Fan, Yubin Liu, Li Zhao, Caiting Chu, Yongyu An, Tingting, Wang & Wenhua Li
• Use of the Pirani score in monitoring progression of correction and in guiding indications for tenotomy in the Ponseti method: Are we comingto the same decisions? 2017 - Manuele Lampasi1, CN Abati1, S Stilli2and G Trisolino
• Correlation of Pirani score and Foot bimalleolar angle in the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus by Ponseti method in infants 2016 Dec - R Anshuman, M Singh, B K Jain, N Verma, R Arora
• The Pirani Scoring System is Effective in Assessing Severity and Monitoring Treatment of Clubfeet in Children June 2016 - J. O. Mejabi1, O. Esan2, O. O. Adegbehingbe, E. A. Orimolade, J. Asuquo, H. D. Badmus and A. O. Anipole
• The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment September 2015 - Olayinka Oladiran Adegbehingbe, Joseph E Asuquo, Joseph Olorunsogo Mejabi, Mohammed Alzahrani, Jose A Morcuende
• Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot 2015 - R. Goldstein, Derek A Seehausen, +2 authors W. Lehman

letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD

• Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction 2014 Sep - Gao R, Tomlinson M, Walker C.
• Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? 2013 Oct - Anil Agarwa, Neeraj Gupta
• Interobserver reliability in Pirani clubfoot severity scoring between a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon and a physiotherapy assistant July 2012 - Shaheen, Samira; Jaiballa, Hibab; Pirani, Shafiquec
• Clubfoot: The Treatment Outcome Using Quantitative Assessment of Deformity 2012 Jun - AH Rasit, H Azani, PA Zabidah, A Merikan, BA Nur Alyana
• Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? October 2010 - Vitali Goriainov, Julia Judd, Michael G Uglow
• Clubfoot classification: correlation with Ponseti cast treatment Oct-Nov 2010 - Alice Chu 1, Amy S Labar, Debra A Sala, Harold J P van Bosse, Wallace B Lehman
• A Reliable and Valid Method of Assessing the Amount of Deformity in the Congenital Clubfoot Deformity 2008 - S. Pirani, D. Hodges, F. Sekeramayi
• The role of the Pirani scoring system in the management of club foot by the Ponseti method September 2006 - P J Dyer
• The classification of congenital talipes equinovarus 2002 Sep - Andrew M Wainwright, Tanya Auld, Michael K Benson, Tim N Theologis
• A method of evaluating the virgin clubfoot with substantial inter-observer reliability. Presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Annual Meeting 1995, Miami, Florida, May 1995 - Pirani S, Outerbridge HK, Moran M, Sawatzky B
• An independent assessment of two clubfoot-classification systems 1998 May-Jun - Flynn JM, Donohoe M, Mackenzie WG.
• Classification of clubfoot Jan 1995 -Diméglio A, Bensahel H, Souchet P, Mazeau P, Bonnet F

Ultrasound Assessment of Clubfoot Severity

• Assessment of the severity of club foot in neonates treated by the ponseti method in correlation with ultrasonography and foot bimalleolar angle January 2018 - Amit Kale, Clevio Desouza, Padmashree Dr. D. Y.
• Radiography and sonography of clubfoot: A comparative study 2012 Mar - Satish Kumar Bhargava, Anupama Tandon, Meenakshi Prakash, Shobha S Arora, Shuchi Bhatt, Sumeet Bhargava
• The Role of Ultrasound in Clubfoot Treatment: Correlation with the Pirani Score and Assessment of the Ponseti Method April 2010 - Khaled Loutfy, El-Adwar, Hesham Kotb
• Ultrasound evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment: a preliminary report Jan-Feb 2008 - Sameer Desai, Alaric Aroojis, Rujuta Mehta

Clubfoot Assessment (after treatment)

• Remote monitoring of clubfoot treatment with digital photographs in low resource settings: Is it accurate? 2020 May - Tracey Smythe, Marie-Caroline Nogaro, Laura J Clifton, Debra Mudariki, Tim Theologis 2, Chris Lavy
• The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot Jun 2019 - S. Böhm, M. F. Sinclair
• Evaluation of a simple tool to assess the results of Ponseti treatment for use by clubfoot therapists: a diagnostic accuracy study 2019 - Tracey Smythe, Debra Mudariki, Maxman Gova, Allen Foster, Christopher Lavy
• The Bangla clubfoot tool: A repeatability study May 2014 - Angela Evans, Roksana Parveen, Vikki A Ford-Powell, Simon Barker

Go to the Delayed Presenting Clubfoot - DPC (Neglected & Untreated) Clubfoot Studies page

**Clubfoot is often left untreated in some underdeveloped nations and it can take some years to begin treatment. Usually patients are over 6 months to a year old, but often they are much older.

• An analysis of treatment outcome following classical Ponseti technique in older children with clubfoot – A concept stretched too far? August 2021 - Agarwal, Anil; Shanker, Mukesh
• Neglected clubfoot treated by serial casting: a narrative review on how possibility takes over disability - July 2021 - Cristina Alves, Anna Ey Batlle, Marta Vinyals Rodriguez
• Changes in the Foot After Two Years of Deformity Correction in Neglected Clubfeet Treated With Modified Ponseti Technique Jul 2021 Akhil Agnihotri, Suresh Chand, Arvind KumarAnil Mehtani
• Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Manon Pigeolet, Saiful Imam, Gheorghe Cristian Ninulescu, Shafiul Kabir, Pierre R. Smeesters & Hasib Mahmud
• Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Successfully Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Case Report of an Adult Patient who Started Treatment at 26 Years of Age July 2020 - Davi De Podesta Haje
• Correction of the Neglected Clubfoot in the Adolescent and Adult Patient - June 2020 -Nicholas Peterson, Christopher Prior
• Successful Treatment of Neglected Clubfeet in 10 Cases Using Ponseti Method, with Outcomes after 8 Years February 2020 - Angela Evans, Mazharul Islam, Mohommad Mamun, Hossen Chowdhury
• Ponseti Method After Walking Age - A Multi-Centric Study of 429 Feet: Results, Possible Treatment Modifications and Outcomes According to Age Groups - Project: THE PONSETI METHOD IN NEGLECTED CLUBFOOT January 2020 - Davi De Podesta Haje, Daniel Augusto Carvalho Maranho, Gabriel Ferraz Ferreira, Adolfo Cuauhtemoc Rocha Geded, Alaric J Aroojis, Ana Claudia Queiroz, Anisuddin Bhatti, Antonio Luiz Gonçalves Brandãom, Edwin Giovanny Valencia Lucero, Erika Iliana Arana Hernández, Guillermo Oscar Hernández Tierno, Juan Carlos Ocampo, Jung Ho Kim, Leopoldina Milanez da Silva Leite, Nariman Abol Oyoun, Assiut University Ranjeet Kumar, Sandra Jannel Santana Canto, Monica Paschoal Nogueira
• Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery Jun 2019 - M. Eidelman, P. Kotlarsky, J. E. Herzenberg
• Results of Modified Ponseti Technique in Difficult Clubfoot and a review of literature 2019 May - Ankur Agarwal, Sumit Gupta, Alok Sud, Sheetal Agarwal
• The Ponseti method of clubfoot treatment in walking age children: is it effective? A study of 56 children from 1 to 10 years of age 2019 Mar - Avi Shah 1, Rujuta Mehta, Alaric Aroojis
• Modified Ponseti technique for management of neglected clubfeet January 2018 - Mehtani, Anila; Prakash, Jatinb; Vijay, Vipula; Kumar, Nishikanta; Sinha, Abhinava
• Result of Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Technique: A Case Study of Zero Clubfoot Project in Bangladesh November 2017 - Md Masud Kaoser, Md. Kaoser Bin Siddique, H M Baker, Forhadul Hoque

NOTE: This paper follows a 24 year old untreated/neglected university student treated with Ponseti Method

• Outcomes of the Ponseti Method for Untreated Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients Seen Between the Ages of One and Five Years and Followed for at Least 10 Years December 2018 - Banskota, Bibek MRCS, MS; Yadav, Prakash MPH; Rajbhandari, Tarun MS; Shrestha, O.P. MS; Talwar, Divya MPH; Banskota, Ashok MD, FRCS; Spiegel, David A. MD
• Evaluation of Ponseti method in neglected clubfoot 2016 Sep - Abhinav Sinha, Anil Mehtani, Alok Sud, Vipul Vijay, Nishikant Kumar, and Jatin Prakash
• Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique in Children Presenting After One Year of Age 2015 - Mohammad Faizan, Latif Zafar Jilani, Mazhar Abbas, Mohammad Zahid, Naiyer Asif
• The Ponseti method in the treatment of children with idiopathic clubfoot presenting between five and ten years of age Dec 2013 - B. Banskota, A. K. Banskota, R. Regmi, T. Rajbhandary, O. P. Shrestha, D. A. Spiegel
• Management of idiopathic clubfoot in toddlers by Ponseti's method 2012 - Verma, Ananda; Mehtani, Anilb; Sural, Sumita; Maini, Lalita; Gautam, Virender Kumara; Basran, Sukhwinder Singha; Arora, Sumita
• Ponseti's manipulation in neglected clubfoot in children more than 7 years of age: A prospective evaluation of 25 feet with long-term follow-up September 2010 - Shah Alam Khan, Ashok Kumar
• Ponseti Method for Untreated Idiopathic Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients From 1 to 6 Years of Age December 2008 - David A Spiegel, Om P Shrestham, Prakash Sitoula, Tarun Rajbhandary, Binod Bijukachhe, Ashok K Banskota
• Correction of neglected idiopathic club foot by the Ponseti method Mar 2007 - A. F. Lourenço, J. A. Morcuende
• Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities February 2006 - Süleyman Bora Göksan, Aysegul Bursali, Fuat Bilgili, Sevan Sıvacıoğlu, Semih Ayanoğlu
• The Neglected Clubfoot 2005 - John Norgrove Penny, M.D., F.R.C.S.(C)

Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame

• Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods June 2021 - MIlind M. Chaudhary, Ishani M. Chaudhary
• Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 January 2020 - Antonio Memeo, Lucrezia Montanari, Daniele Priano, Elena Panuccio, Laura Rossi
• Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients July 2018 - Simone Riganti, Valentino Coppa, Luigi Aurelio Nasto, Mauro DI Stadio, Maria Grazia Calevo, Antonio Pompilio Gigante, Silvio Boero
• Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup 2010 Oct - Ajai Singh
• Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device May 2007 - Ricardo Cardenuto Ferreira, M.D., Marco Túlio Costa, M.D., Gastao Guilherme Frizzo, M.D., Roberto Attilio Lima Santin, M.D.First
• Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique 2004 Sep - Jeffrey K Burns, Raymond Sullivan
• Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method 1994 F De La Huerta

Go to the Development & Motor Skills Studies page

• Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review May 2021 - Gosse, Georgia Eldera; Banwell, Helenb; McIntyre, Auburnc; Ward, Emilya
• Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method Aug 2019 A. Zanardi, V. Fortini, C. N. Abati, C. Bettuzzi, G. Salvatori, E. Prato, S. Di Giacinto, M. Lampasi
• Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, Foot Involvement, Gait, and Foot Motion August 2019 - Lööf, Elin PT, MSc; Andriesse, Hanneke PhD; André, Marie PhD; Böhm, Stephanie PhD; Iversen, Maura D. DPT, SD, MPH, FNAP, FAPTA,; Broström, Eva W. PhD
• Does idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus have an impact on attainment of developmental milestones? A multicentre international study July 2019 - Katie Hughes, Yael Gelfer, Mia Cokljat, Shlomo Wientroub
• Gross Motor Function at 10 Years of Age in Children With Clubfoot Following the French Physical Therapy Method and the Ponseti Technique October 2018 - Zapata, Karina A. PT, DPT, PhD; Karol, Lori A. MD; Jeans, Kelly A. MS; Jo, Chan-Hee PhD
• Clubfoot Does Not Impair Gross Motor Development in 5-Year-Olds April 2018 - Karina A Zapata, Lori A Karol, Kelly A Jeans, Chan-Hee Jo
• Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, FootInvolvement, Gait, and Foot Motion Feb 2017 - Elin Loof, PT, MS,wHanneke Andriesse, PhD, Marie Andre, PhD,wStephanie Bohm, PhD, Maura D. Iversen, DPT, SD, MPH, FNAP, FAPTA, Eva W. Brostrom, PhD
• A Longitudinal Review of Gait Following Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: Gait Analysis at 2 and 5 Years of Age Sept 2016 - Jeans, Kelly A. MS; Erdman, Ashley L. BS, MBA; Jo, Chan-Hee PhD; Karol, Lori A. MD
• The Relationship Between Gait, Gross Motor Function, and Parental Perceived Outcome in Children With Clubfeet March 2016 - Karol, Lori A. MD; Jeans, Kelly A. MS; Kaipus, Kimberly A. PT, MPT, PCS
• Walking Age of Infants with Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Oct 2013 - Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Packer, Davida F. MD; Cooper, Shannon BS; Ebramzadeh, Edward PhD; Sangiorgio, Sophia PhD
• Athletic Ability of School-Age Children After Satisfactory Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot April 2013 - Tomonori Kenmoku, MD, PhD, Makoto Kamegaya, MD, Ph.D, Takashi Saisu, MD, PhD,Nobuyasu Ochiai, MD, PhD, Nahoko Iwakura, MD, PhD, Dai Iwase, MD,Kazuhisa Takahashi, MD, PhD, and Masashi Takaso, MD, PhD
• Achievement of gross motor milestones in children with idiopathic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method 2013 Jan - Debra A Sala, Alice Chu, Wallace B Lehman, Harold J P van Bosse

Go to the External Frame Studies page

Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame

• The use of external fixation for the correction of recurrent clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis - February 2025 - Marco Simone, Vaccalluzzo Gianluca, Testa Andrea, Sodano, Vito Pavone
• Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis - April 2022 - Allen Kadado, MD, Noel Osereimen Akioyamen, MD, Rachel Garfinkel, MD, Nickolas Nahm, MD, and Ferras Zeni, MD
• Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods June 2021 - MIlind M. Chaudhary, Ishani M. Chaudhary
• Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 January 2020 - Antonio Memeo, Lucrezia Montanari, Daniele Priano, Elena Panuccio, Laura Rossi
• Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients July 2018 - Simone Riganti, Valentino Coppa, Luigi Aurelio Nasto, Mauro DI Stadio, Maria Grazia Calevo, Antonio Pompilio Gigante, Silvio Boero
• Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy - 2012 - M. Eidelman, Y. Keren, A. Katzman
• Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame - June 2011 - Mark Eidelman, Alexander Katzman
• Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup 2010 Oct - Ajai Singh
• Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device May 2007 - Ricardo Cardenuto Ferreira, M.D., Marco Túlio Costa, M.D., Gastao Guilherme Frizzo, M.D., Roberto Attilio Lima Santin, M.D.First
• Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique 2004 Sep - Jeffrey K Burns, Raymond Sullivan
• Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method 1994 F De La Huerta

Go to the False Positives or Missed Positives for Clubfoot on Ultrasound page

• Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes - 2021 Jul 7 - Ilaria Fantasia, Daniela Dibello, Valentina Di Carlo, Giulia Colin, Moira Barbieri, Chiara Belcaro, Elena Magni, Flavio Faletra, Travan Laura, Tamara Stampalija
• Prenatal detection and postnatal outcome of congenital talipes equinovarus in 106 fetuses - July 7, 2021 - David Rafael Hartge, Susanne Gaertner, Jan Weichert
• Outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot - Jan 2010 - S. Lauson, C. Alvarez, M. S. Patel, S. Langlois

Go to the Flat Top Talus Studies page

Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I Riccio

Go to the Foot Bones (Talus) Studies page

• Finite element analysis of the kinematic coupling effect of the joints around talus when Ponseti manipulation 2021 Aug - Song-Jian Li, Ben-Chao Shi, Cheng-Long Liu, Yu-Bin Liu
• Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method April 2021 - Johannes Hamel, Hubert Hörterer, Norbert Harrasser
• Effect of Achilles tendon on kinematic coupling relationship between tarsal bones: a pilot finite element study 2020 Jun - Song-Jian Li, Lei Tang, Li Zhao, Cheng-Long Liu, Yu-Bin Liu

Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome

• Flat Top Talus in the Bot Foot Congenital Idiopathic Equine Varus Keywords: Flat top talus-Equine idiopathic clubfoot varus-Tenotomy - December 2022 - Adagba Rag, Soumonla Dk, Azakpa La, Adéniran Fs, Valimungighe Mm, Avocefohoun Tca, Docquier Pl, Gayito Adagba, Rene Ayaovi, Moise Muhindo Valimungighe
• Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies- 2022 - Stephanie Zioupos, Daniel Westacott
• Functional Implications of the Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - October 2020 - Claire Shivers, Matthew Siebert, Jacob R. Zide, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis
• Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology - October 2020 - Justine Borchard, Wilshaw Stevens, Matthew Siebert. Claire Shivers. Jacob R. Zide, MD, Anthony Riccio, Kirsten Tulchin- Francis, PhD
• The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet - October 2016 - Alexander Kolb, Madeleine Willegger, Reinhard Schuh, Alexandra Kaider, Catharina Chiari, Reinhard Windhager, Reinhard Windhager
• Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique - December 2015 - José Antonio Pinto, Andréa Canizares Hernandes, Thais Paula Buchaim, Francesco Camara Blumetti, Carla Chertman, Patrícia Corey Yamane, Artur da Rocha Corrêa Fernandes
• Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? -, May 2001 - Shahbaz Khan Sr., Mansoor Ali Khan, Muhammad Amin Chinoy, Sadia Ahmed
• Assessment of Talar Flattening in Adult Idiopathic Clubfoot - October 2005- Christian M Bach, Georg Göbel, Eckart Mayr, Rainer Biedermann, Franz Rachbauer
• Idiopathic Flat-top Talus, 2002 - Volkan Öztuna, MD, Ýzge Günal, MD; Fehmi Kuyurtar, MD J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002
• When does the flat-top talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging at three months of age, May 2001 - R J Sullivan,R S Davidson
• Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet - February 1974 - HAROLD K. DUNN, KENT M. SAMUELSON

Talar Deformity & Flattening

• Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method - April 2021 - Johannes Hamel, Hubert Hörterer, Norbert Harrasser
• Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot - 2001 R J Cummings, C J Bashore, C B Bookout, M J Elliott
• Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method December 2019 - Haruka Guda, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Ryo Orito, Masato Kobayashi, Dai Otsuki, Hideki Yoshikawa, Kazuomi Sugamoto
• The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet - October 2016 - Alexander Kolb, Madeleine Willegger, Reinhard Schuh, Alexandra Kaider, Catharina Chiari & Reinhard Windhager
• Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review - April 2002 - H Huber, R Galantay, M Dutoit

Go to the Foot Length & Calf Muscle Discrepancy Studies page

• Development of foot length in children with congenital clubfoot up to 7 years of age: a prospective follow-up study May 2021 - Evgenia Manousaki, Anna-Clara Esbjörnsson, Gunnar Hägglund and Hanneke Andriesse
• Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Sept 2018 - Wallace, Juanita J.; White, Hank D.; Augsburger, Samuel F.; Talwalkar, Vishwas R.; Muchow, Ryan D.; Iwinski, Henry J.; Walker, Janet L.
• Anthropometric measurements in Ponseti treated clubfeet 25 May 2018 - Anil Agarwal1 and Anuj Rastogi
• Calf Circumference Discrepancies in Patients With Unilateral Clubfoot Ponseti Versus Surgical Release 2015 - Fulton, Zachary BS; Briggs, Dustin MD; Silva, Selina MD; Szalay, Elizabeth A. MD
• Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study 2013 May Hisateru Niki 1, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takaaki Hirano, Hirokazu Okada, Moroe Beppu
• 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) January 2013 - Suzanne Duce, Mariella D'Alessandro, Yimeng Du, Baljit Jagpal, Fiona J Gilbert, Lena Crichton, Simon Barker, Jon Martin Collinson, Zosia Miedzybrodzka
• Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot Jul-Aug 2003 - Cumhur Cevdet Kesemenli, Ahmet Kapukaya, Mehmet Subaşi, Serdar Necmioglu, Hüseyin Arslan, Davut Ozbag, Yusuf Celik

Go to the Gait Studies page

• Kinematic Gait Impairments in Children with Clubfeet Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - April 2023 - Lianne Grin, Lisa van Oorschot, Benedicte Vanwanseele, Saskia D N Wijnands, H J J Cojanne Kars, Arnold T Besselaar, M C Marieke van der Steen
• Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children January 2022 S.D.N. Wijnands, Marieke van der Steen, L. Grin, L. van Oorschot, Arnold Besselaar, Benedicte Vanwanseele
• Forefoot adduction and forefoot supination as kinematic indicators of relapse clubfoot - October 2021 - L Grin, M C van der Steen, S D N Wijnands, L van Oorschot, A T Besselaar, B Vanwanseele
• Foot function during gait and parental perceived outcome in older children with symptomatic club foot deformity July 2020 - Jennifer Mccahill, Julie A Stebbins, Jaap Harlaar, Robin Prescott, Tim N Theologis, Christopher Lavy
• Gait kinetics in children with clubfeet treated surgically or with the Ponseti method: A meta-analysis August 2018 - A.B.M. Tuinsma, Benedicte Vanwanseele, KU Leuven, L. van Oorschot, H.J.J. Kars
• Gait in 5-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot: A cohort study of 59 children, focusing on foot involvement and the contralateral foot June 2016 - Elin Lööf, Hanneke Andriesse, Marie Andre, Stephanie Böhm
• Results of Gait Analysis Including the Oxford Foot Model in Children with Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method October 2014 - Gabriel Mindler, Andreas Kranzl, Charlotte A M Lipkowski, Rudolf Ganger
• Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Apr-May 2010 - Hilton Phillip Gottschalk, Lori A Karol, Kelly A Jeans
• Gait analysis after initial nonoperative treatment for clubfeet: intermediate term followup at age 5 2009 May - Lori A Karol, Kelly Jeans, Ron ElHawary
• Lower extremity characteristics in recurrent clubfoot: Clinical and gait analysis findings that may influence decisions for additional surgery - Jan 2020 Kristan A Pierz, Jessica R Lloyd, Matthew J Solomito, Phil Mack, Sylvia Õunpuu

Go to the Gender Studies page

• The Idiopathic Clubfoot; Relationship between patients gender and the degree of severity of the deformity January 2019 - Chukwuemeka Anisi, Innocent Abang, Joseph E Asuquo, Pius Agweye
• Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot 2015 - R. Goldstein, Derek A Seehausen, +2 authors W. Lehman

letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD

Go to the General Clubfoot Studies page

Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method

• Does Strict Adherence to the Ponseti Method Improve IsolatedClubfoot Treatment Outcomes? A Two-institution Review March 2015 - Nancy H. Miller MD, Patrick M. Carry BA, Bryan J. Mark BA, Glenn H. Engelman BA, Gaia Georgopoulos MD, Sue Graham PA-C, Matthew B. Dobbs MD

Clubfoot In History

• From Codivilla to Ponseti: historical narrative review on clubfoot treatment in Italy July 2021 - Flavia Alberghina, Gianluca Testa, Sergio Monforte, Vito Pavone, Antonio Andreacchio
• Francisco Arceo de Fregenal and the treatment of clubfoot up to the sixteenth century - July 2018 - José Ramón Vallejo, José Miguel Cobos

Ponseti Method Training

• Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot After Formal Training in the Ponseti Method: A Multi-Year, International Suryey 2013 - Asitha Jayawardena, BA, Lewis E. Zionts, MD, and Jose A. Morcuende, MD, PhD

General and Non-Specific Clubfoot Research and Articles

• Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes - April 2024 - Ryan Jasper, K. Carvalho, Aly M. Fayed, Antoine Acker, Vineel Mallavarapu, Grayson M. Talaski, N. Mansur, Bopha Chrea, C. de César Netto Published in Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
• A Prospective Study on Functional Outcomes of Serial Cast Correction in Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) by Ponseti Method - March 2023 - Ramavtar Saini, Anshu Sharma, Divyaraj Ravalji, Kuldeep Baisoya, Garima Sharma
• Determining the Optimal Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot General information Publication type Journal Article - 2023 - Ying-Yu Wang, Yu-Cheng Su, Yu-Kang Tu, Ching-Ju Fang, Chih-Kai Hong, Ming-Tung Huang, Yung-Chieh Lin, Min-Ling Hsieh, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Chien-An Shih, Chii-Jeng Lin
• Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clubfoot program at tertiary care institute November 2021 - Suresh Chand, Danish Khan, Syed Faisal Afaque, Vikas Verma, Najmul Huda, Ajai Singh
• Clubfoot treatment in China before and after the advent of the Ponseti technique: a historical narrative review - July 2021 - Jingchun Li, Yiqiang Li, Hongwen Xu, Federico Canavese
• Clubfoot in children: An overview January 2021 - Mohammad A Hegazy, Hossam M Khairy, Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy, Sherif M El-Aidy
• Evaluation of effectiveness of Ponseti's method in the clubfoot management under 1-year children: a prospective study January 2021 - Prateek Girotra, K. Prashanth Kumar, Rejo Varghese Jacob
• The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV) January 2021 - Georgia Gosse, Emily Ward, Auburn Mcintyre, Helen Ann Banwell
• Quantification of Ankle Dorsiflexion in Ponseti-managed Unilateral Clubfoot Patients During Early Childhood 2021 - Tougas, Caroline M. MD; Ballester, Andrew M. BS; Morgan, Rebecca D. MPH; Ebramzadeh, Edward PhD; Sangiorgio, Sophia N. PhD; Zionts, Lewis E. MD
• Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence September 2020 - Andrei Corbu, Dan Cosma, Dana Elena Vasilescu, Stefan Cristea
• Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells:a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? September 2020 - Jarmila Knitlova , Martina Doubkova, Martin Plencner , David Vondrasek ,Adam Eckhardt , Martin Ostadal , Jana Musilkova , Lucie Bacakova & TomasNovotny
• Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results May 2020 - Albert Ferrando, Marta Salom, Alvaro Page, Alexandre Perez-Girbes
• Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method—parental distress during plaster casting July 2020 - Christian Walter, Saskia Sachsenmaier, Markus Wünschel, Martin Teufel
• What a paediatrician (pediatrician) should know about congenital clubfoot June 2020 - Daniela Dibello, Valentina Di Carlo, Giulia Colin, Egidio Barbi, Anna M. C. Galimberti
• Adherence to the Ponseti method by family members as a determinant in the success of club foot treatment January 2020 - I O Fortis-Olmedo, M J Ortiz-De Montellano-Gallaga, E Altamirano-Duarte, M J Martínez-Enríquez, J J Ardón-Dubón
• A polyaxial fixation brace for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in newborns July 2019 - Yuxi Su, Yan Xie, Xiaopeng Kang, Guoxin Nan NOTE: this is not a brace for maintaining a corrected clubfoot. This is experimental for corrections.
• A Modified Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Rigid Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot 2019 Nov - Ge Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Ming Li
• Additional challenges in children with idiopathic clubfoot: is it just the foot? June 2019 - E. Löö
• Role of Talectomy in Severe Resistant Clubfoot in Children 2019 - Mohammad A Hegazy, Hossam M Khairy, Sherif M El-Aidy
• Clubfoot treatment in 2015: A global perspective September 2018 - Rosalind M Owen, Beth Capper, Christopher Lavy
• An Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of the Ponseti Method in Clubfoot Treatment Jan 2019 - Murtaza Kadhum, Mu-Huan Lee, Jan Czernuszka, and Chris Lavy
• Idiopathic clubfoot treated by Ponseti method: a series of 300 cases October 2018 - Sunil Kumar Bhatiwal, Bhaviya Chopra, B.L Khajotia, Shakti Chauhan
• Ponseti method is superior to surgical treatment in clubfoot - Long-term, randomized, prospective trial 2017 Oct - Martin Švehlík, Ulrike Floh, Gerhardt Steinwender, Matthias Sperl, Michael Novak, Tanja Kraus
• Evaluation of outcome of treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by ponseti technique of manipulation and serial plaster casting 2017 - Raj Kumar, Shashi Kant Suman and LB Manjhi
• Guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of primary idiopathic clubfoot November 2016 - Arnold T Besselaar, Ralph J B Sakkers, Hans A Schuppers, Melinda M E H Witbreuk, Elgun V C M Zeegers, Jan D Visser, Robert A Boekestijn, Sacha D. Margés ,M. C. (Marieke) Van der Steen & Koert N J Burger
• Treatment of Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method August 2016 - Dietz, Frederick R. MD; Noonan, Kenneth MD
• The use of electric stimulation in treating clubfoot in newborn infants June 2015 - Aliaa Rehan Youssef, Abdelhalim Nada, Manal Ismail, Amr Azzam NOTE: Concluded not beneficial/does nothing
• Comparison of the Ponseti method versus early tibialis anterior tendon transfer for idiopathic clubfoot: A prospective randomized study May 2016 - Jolita Gintautienė, Emilis Čekanauskas, Vidmantas Barauskas, Rimantas Žalinkevičius
• Role of Foot Abduction and Heel Angle in Equinus Correction in Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Pilot Study August 2015 - Anil Agarwal, MS, Anubrat Kumar, MS, Abbas Shaharyar, MS, Madhusudan Mishra, MS
• The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment September 2015 - Olayinka Oladiran Adegbehingbe, Joseph E Asuquo, Joseph Olorunsogo Mejabi, Mohammed Alzahrani, Jose A Morcuende
• Feasibility and barriers of treating clubfeet in four countries May 2015 - Suzanne F. M. van Wijck, A. Marjanne Oomen & Huub J. L. van der Heide
• Ponseti Casting for Severe Club Foot Deformity: Are Clinical Outcomes Promising? 2015 - Mohammad Hallaj-Moghaddam, Ali Moradi, Mohammad Hosein Ebrahimzadeh, and Seyed Reza Habibzadeh Shojaie
• The effect of a dedicated Ponseti service on the outcome of idiopathic clubfoot treatment 2014 Oct - A I W Mayne, A S Bidwai, P Beirne, N K Garg, C E Bruce
• Congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus: an evaluation in infants treated by the Ponseti method October 2013 - Vito Pavone, Gianluca Testa, Luciano Costarella, Piero Pavone, Giuseppe Sessa
• Comparison of the short-term and long-termresults of the Ponseti method in the treatmentof idiopathic pes equinovarus August 2013 - Martin Ošťádal, Jiri Chomiakm Pavel Dungl, Monika Frydrychová, Michal Burian
• Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? November 2013 - Peter A Smith, Ken Kuo, Adam Graf, Joseph Krzak, Ann Flanagan, Sahar Hassani, Angela Caudill, Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende, Gerald F Harris
• Descriptive Epidemiology of Idiopathic Clubfoot July 2013 - Martha M Werlerm, Mahsa M Yazdy, Allen A Mitchell, Robert E Meyer, Charlotte Druschel, Marlene Anderka, James R Kasser, Susan T Mahan
• The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations 2013 Sep - Christof Radler
• Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique of Manipulation and Serial Plaster Casting and Its Critical Evaluation - July 2012 - Sharma Pulak and MKS Swamy
• The Current Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Revisited Results of a Survey of the POSNA Membership 2012 - Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Sangiorgio, Sophia N. PhD; Ebramzadeh, Edward PhD; Morcuende, Jose A. MD
• Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus April 2012 - Kelly Gray, Verity Pacey, Paul J Gibbons, David Graham Little
  
• A comprehensive outcome comparison of surgical and Ponseti clubfoot treatments with reference to pediatric norms Feb 2012 - Chris Church, Julie A. Coplan, Dijana Poljak, Ahmed M. Thabet, Durga Kowtharapu, Nancy Lennon, Stephanie Marchesi, John Henley, Roland Starr, Dan Mason, Mohan V. Belthur, John E. Herzenberg, Freeman Miller
  
• Mid-term Results of Ponseti Method for the treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot - (A Study of 67 Clubfeet with Mean Five Year Follow-Up) January 2011 - Milind M Porecha, Dipak S Parmar, Hiral R Chavda
• Ponseti method compared with surgical treatment of clubfoot: a prospective comparison 2010 Feb Matthew A Halanski, Jan E Davison, Jen-Chen Huang, Cameron G Walker, Stewart J Walsh, Haemish A Crawford
  
• Has the rate of extensive surgery to treat idiopathic clubfoot declined in the United States? 2010 - Zionts LE, Zhao G, Hitchcock K, Maewal J, Ebramzadeh E
• Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot 2009 - Joseph A. Janicki, MD, Unni G. Narayanan, MBBS, MSc, FRCSC, Barbara J. Harvey, BHScPT, Anvesh Roy, MBBS, ShannonWeir, BSc, and James G. Wright, MD, MPH, FRCSC
• Update on Clubfoot: Etiology and Treatment May 2009 - Matthew B. Dobbs, MD and Christina A. Gurnett, MD, PhD
• Ponseti management of clubfoot in older infants March 2006 - Noam Bor, John E Herzenberg, Steven L Frick
• Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Prevention of Late Deformity and Disability by Conservative Treatment With the Ponseti Technique March 2006 - Jose A Morcuende
• Treatment of idiopathic club foot using the Ponseti method: Initial experience 2006 - Changulani M, Garg NK, Rajagopal TS, et al:
• Radical reduction in the rate of extensive corrective surgery for clubfoot using the Ponseti method. 2004 Feb - Morcuende JA, Dolan LA, Dietz FR, Ponseti IV. Pediatrics.
• Nonsurgical Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot November 2003 - Noonan, Kenneth J. MD; Richards, Stephens B. MD
• Evaluation of the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by using the Ponseti method... - Colburn M, Williams M. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003 Sep-Oct
• Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet. 2003 July - Dobbs MB, Rudzki JR, Purcell DB, Walton T, Porter KR, Gurnett CA.
• Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. 2002 Jul-Aug - Roye DP Jr, Roye BD
• Talipes equinovarus and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Washington state 2002 Aug - Andrea C Skelly, Victoria L Holt, Vincent S Mosca, Beth W Alderman
• Clubfoot: what have we learned in the last quarter century? 1997 Jan-Feb - Carroll NC.

Go to the Genetics Studies, Hereditary & Other Risk Factors with Associated Clubfoot page

• Association Between TPM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Risk in a Chinese Population 2021 May - Li J, Zhu G, Kang X, Shen X, Chen S, Tang S, Gong Q, Li Y, Xu H.
• Co-occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub-Saharan African cohort: Whole-exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes 2021 Apr - Gowans LJJ, Al Dhaheri N, Li M, Busch T, Obiri-Yeboah S, Oti AA, Sabbah DK, Arthur FKN, Awotoye WO, Alade AA, Twumasi P, Agbenorku P, Plange-Rhule G, Naicker T, Donkor P, Murray JC, Sobreira NLM, Butali A.
• Analysis OF C677T polymorphism in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene as a risk factor for congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) 2020 Nov - Pandey V, Chaturvedi P, Gehlot H, Ali Mahdi A, Singh A, Mahendra M.
• Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot 2020 Aug - Jing Ding, Zhenpeng Liang, Weijia Feng, Qixun Cai, Ziming Zhang
• Clubfoot deformity in the Solomon Islands: Melanesian versus Polynesian ethnicity, a retrospective cohort study 2020 Aug - Todd MRLC, Kodovaru SS, Antoniou G, Cundy P
• Evaluation of genetic susceptibility of common variants in SOX9 in patients with congenital talipes equinovarus in the Han Chinese population 2020 Jul - Jian Li, Zhi Wang, Dongxu Feng, Wei Wang, Weilou Feng
• Rare and de novo duplications containing SHOX in clubfoot - June 2020 - Brooke Sadler1, Gabe Haller, Lilian Antunes, Momchil Nikolov, Ina Amarillo, Bradley Coe, Matthew B. Dobbs, Christina A. Gurnett
• Whole‑exome sequencing study identifies two novel rare variations associated with congenital talipes equinovarus 2020 Jun - Zhang J, Li S, Ma S, Liu Y, Wang X, Li Y.
• Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot June 2020 - Jing Ding, Zhenpeng Liang, Weijia Feng, Qixun Cai
• The genetics of isolated and syndromic clubfoot 2019 Jun - Sadler B, Gurnett CA, Dobbs MB
• Expanded Age Indication for Ponseti Method for Correction of Congenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus: A Systematic Review January 2018 - Vijay Digge, Jagannath Desai
• The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review 2018 Aug - Pavone V, Chisari E, Vescio A, Lucenti L, Sessa G, Testa G.
• Genetics of clubfoot; recent progress and future perspectives 2017 Sep - Sulman Basit, Khalid I Khoshhal
• Functional Assessment of Clubfoot Associated HOXA9, TPM1, and TPM2 Variants Suggests a Potential Gene Regulation Mechanism. 2016 July - Weymouth KS, Blanton SH, Powell T, Patel CV, Savill SA, Hecht JT.
• A systematic review of association studies of common variants associated with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) in humans in the past 30 years 2016 Jun - Bi-Cheng Yong, Fu-Xing Xun, Lan-Juan Zhao, Hong-Wen Deng, Hong-Wen Xu
• Three novel missense mutations in the filamin B gene are associated with isolated congenital talipes equinovarus 2016 Oct - Yang H, Zheng Z, Cai H, Li H, Ye X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Fu Q.
• Etiopathogenesis of equinovarus foot malformations Aug 2014 - Bacino CA, Hecht JT.
• Genome-wide association study identifies new disease loci for isolated clubfoot - March 2014 - Tian-Xiao Zhang, Gabe Haller, Peng Lin, David M Alvarado, Jacqueline T Hecht, Susan H Blanton, B Stephens Richards, John P Rice, Matthew B Dobbs, Christina A Gurnett
• Consanguineous marriage and increased risk of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a case-control study in a rural area 2013 Apr - Sahin O, Yildirim C, Akgun RC, Haberal B, Yazici AC, Tuncay IC.
• Copy number analysis of 413 isolated talipes equinovarus patients suggests role for transcriptional regulators of early limb development 2012 August - David M Alvarado, Jillian G Buchan, Steven L Frick, John E Herzenberg, Matthew B Dobbs, Christina A Gurnett
• SOX9 overexpression plays a potential role in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus 2013 Mar - Wang Z, Yan N, Liu L, Cao D, Gao M, Lin C, Jin C.
• Possible role of GLI3 gene in the pathogenesis of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus 2012 Jun - Cao DH, Zhang X, Lin CK, Jin CL.
• Pitx1 haploinsufficiency causes clubfoot in humans and a clubfoot-like phenotype in mice - October 2011 - David M. Alvarado,1 Kevin McCall, Hyuliya Aferol, Matthew J. Silva, Joel R. Garbow, William M. Spees, Tarpit Patel, Marilyn Siegel, Matthew B. Dobbs, and Christina A. Gurnett
• Congenital talipes equinovarus--family occurrence Sep 2011 - Ewa Kołecka, Kryspin Ryszard Niedzielski, Zbigniew Cukras, Małgorzata Piotrowicz
• Parental consanguinity and associated factors in congenital talipes equinovarus 2011 Sep - T Sreenivas 1, A R Nataraj
• Familial Isolated Clubfoot Is Associated with Recurrent Chromosome 17q23.1q23.2 Microduplications Containing TBX - July 2010 - David M. Alvarado, Hyuliya Aferol, Kevin McCall, Jason B. Huang, Matthew Techy, Jillian Buchan, Janet Cady, Patrick R. Gonzales, Matthew B. Dobbs, and Christina A. Gurnett
• Congenital talipes equinovarus in Papua New Guinea: a difficult yet potentially manageable situation 2009 Apr - A D Culverwell, C R Tapping
• Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes 2008 Jul - Christina A Gurnett, Stephanie Boehm, Anne Connolly, Tyler Reimschisel, Matthew B Dobbs
• Apoptotic gene analysis in idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) 2007 Sep - Audrey R Ester, Gayle Tyerman, Carol A Wise, Susan H Blanton, Jacqueline T Hecht
• NAT2 variation and idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) 2007 Oct - Hecht JT, Ester A, Scott A, Wise CA, Iovannisci DM, Lammer EJ, Langlois PH, Blanton SH.
• Pedigree analysis and epidemiological features of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in the United Kingdom: a case-control study 2007 Jul - A H Cardy, S Barker, D Chesney, L Sharp, N Maffulli, Z Miedzybrodzka
• Association and mutation analysis of GLI3 gene in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus 2006 Oct - Zhang X, Jin CL, Liu LY, Zhao N, Zhang LJ, Ji SJ, Sun KL.
• Variation in CASP10 gene is associated with idiopathic talipes equinovarus 2005 Sep - Heck AL, Bray MS, Scott A, Blanton SH, Hecht JT.
• Analysis of association between 5' HOXD gene and idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus 2005 Dec - Wang LL, Jin CL, Liu LY, Zhang X, Ji SJ, Sun KL.
• Genetics of club foot in Maori and Pacific people Sept 2000 - Cyril Chapmana, N Susan Stottb, Ramari Viola Portc, Richard O Nicolb
• Epidemiology and genetic theories in the etiology of congenital talipes equinovarus 1999 - Chesney D, Barker S, Miedzybrodzka Z, Haites N, Maffulli N.
• Congenital talipes in Malaysian neonates: incidence, pattern and associated factors 1990 Dec Boo NY, Ong LC.

Associated Risk Factors (potential)

• Association between maternal age at conception and risk of idiopathic clubfoot 2016 Jun - Yu-Bin Liu, Li Zhao, Jing Ding, Jie Zhu, Cheng-Long Xie, Zhen-Kai Wu, Xuan Yang, Hai Li
• Smoking, the xenobiotic pathway, and clubfoot 2011 Jan - Sommer A, Blanton SH, Weymouth K, Alvarez C, Richards BS, Barnes D, Hecht JT.
• Maternal smoking and the risk for clubfoot in infants 2008 Feb - Dickinson KC, Meyer RE, Kotch J.
• Family history, maternal smoking, and clubfoot: an indication of a gene-environment interaction Oct 2000 - Honein MA, Paulozzi LJ, Moore CA.

Go to the HyperMobility/HyperFlexibility Studies page

• Does generalized joint hypermobility influence the Ponseti treatment of clubfoot patients? May 2020 - Jennifer J. Beck, Mohammad A. Nazif, Sophia Sangiorgio, Jay I. Semel, Edward Ebramzadeh, Lewis Zionts
• Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results May 2018 - Dan Cosma, Andrei Corbu, Dan Nistor, Adrian Todor, Madalina Valeanu, Jose Morcuende, Sorin Man
• Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus 2006 Jul - Paul G Haslam, Martin Goddard, Mark J Flowers, James A Fernandes

Go to the Intoeing Studies (Metatarus Adductus, Femoral Antevrsion, Tibial Torsion) page

• Assessment of anxiety and depression levels in parents of children presenting to the orthopedics outpatient clinic with the complaint of in-toeing November 2020 - Bahtiyar Haberal, Salih Beyaz, Ebru Yurdagül Altintas

Go to the Leg Length Discrepancy Research page

• What Are the Potential Benefits and Risks of Using Magnetically Driven Antegrade Intramedullary Lengthening Nails for Femoral Lengthening to Treat Leg Length Discrepancy? - April 2022 - Adrien Frommer, Robert Roedl, Georg Gosheger, Maike Niemann, Dominik Turkowski, Gregor Toporowski, Christoph Theil, Andrea Laufer, Bjoern Vogt

Go to the Locale Specific Studies page

• Epidemiology of clubfoot in Sweden from 2016 to 2019: A national register study - December 2021 - Anna-Clara Esbjörnsson, Arne Johansson, Hanneke Andriesse, Henrik Wallander
• A survey on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) managed by the Ponseti technique at Mulago Hospital - Uganda 2021 Apr - Raymond Joseph Malinga, Geoffrey Madewo, Nobert Orwotho, Shafique Pyrali Pirani, Adam Moyosore Afodun, Mustapha Akajewole Masud
• A Community Audit of 300 "Drop-Out" Instances in Children Undergoing Ponseti Clubfoot Care in Bangladesh-What Do the Parents Say? 2021 Jan - Angela Margaret Evans, Mamun Chowdhury, Sharif Khan
• Evaluation of the Outcomes of Ponseti Method in the Treatment of Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Deformity in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan: A Descriptive Study - Feb 2021 - Sohail Rehman, Zia Ullah Jan, Asif Nawaz, Musawer Iqbal, Talha Anwar, Muhammad Ayaz Khan
• Clinical, Radiological, Pedobarographic, and Quality of Life Outcomes of the Ponseti Treatment for Clubfoot: A Prospective Study from Iran January 2021 - Kamyar Vahidi, Ahmad Shamabadi, Mohammad Hossein Nabian, Fardis Vosoughi, Ramin Zargarbashi, Behnam Panjavi
• Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Method: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Five Year Experience - December 2020 - Mengistu G Mengesha, Birhanu Ayana, Mengestie Mulugeta Belay, Wubalem Zewde, Peter J.
• Ponseti Method in Brazil,: First Ten Years of a Clubfoot Website - Users Profile Nov-Dec 2020 - Osias Ferreira Forte, Monica Paschoal Nogueira
• Talipes equinovarus or Clubfoot: A review of study approaches, management and trends in Pakistan Sep-Oct 2020 - Khadija Murtaza, Zahra Saleem, Sajid Malik
• The role of clubfoot training programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review June 2020 - Sharaf Sheik-Ali, Sergio M Navarro, Evan Keil, Chris Lavy
• Clinical outcomes and risk-factor analysis of the Ponseti Method in a low-resource setting: Clubfoot care in Haiti March 2019 - Rameez Qudsi, Faith Selzer, Stephen C. Hill, Ariel Lerner, Jean Wildric Hippolyte, Eldine Jacques, Francel Alexis, Collin J. May, Robert B. Cady, Elena Losina
• Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons 2018 May - Lewis Agius, Angus Wickham, Cameron Walker, Joshua Knudsen
• Ponseti Technique for the Management of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in a Rural Set-Up in India: Experience of 356 Patients 2018 Apr - Malhotra R, Mohapatra A, Arora G, Choudhury P, Joshi H, Patel P.
• Walk for life - the National Clubfoot Project of Bangladesh: the four-year outcomes of 150 congenital clubfoot cases following Ponseti method 2016 Nov - Evans AM, Chowdhury MM, Kabir MH, Rahman MF
• Descriptive epidemiology and predisposing factors to idiopathic talipes equinovarus in South South Nigeria August 2016 - Joseph E Asuquo, Innocent Abang, Chukwuemeka Anisi, Samuel Urom, Pius Agweye, Ngim Ewezu Ngim, Nwakeago Ezinwane Okeke
• A cross-sectional study investigating impressions and opinions of medical rehabilitation professionals on the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treatment of clubfoot in Harare, Zimbabwe 2016 Jun - N Munambah, M Chiwaridzo, T Mapingure
• The impact of the Ponseti treatment method on parents and caregivers of children with clubfoot: a comparison of two urban populations in Europe and Africa February 2016 - Francesc Malagelada, Sadia Mayet, Gregory B. Firth, Manoj Ramachandran
• Ponseti method compared to previous treatment of clubfoot in Norway. A multicenter study of 205 children followed for 8–11 years July 2016 - Christian Sætersdal, Jonas M Fevang, John Asle Bjørlykke, Lars B. Engesæt
• The Bangladesh clubfoot project: audit of 2-year outcomes of Ponseti treatment in 400 children 2014 Oct - Perveen R, Evans AM, Ford-Powell V, Dietz FR, Barker S, Wade PW, Khan SI.
• Brazil - Treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method: ten years of experience 2013 - Luiz Carlos Ribeiro LaraDelmo João Carlos Montesi NetoFagner Rodrigues PradoAdonai Pinheiro Barreto
• Towards effective Ponseti clubfoot care: the Uganda Sustainable Clubfoot Care Project 2009 May - Shafique Pirani 1, Edward Naddumba, Richard Mathias, Joseph Konde-Lule, J Norgrove Penny, Titus Beyeza, Ben Mbonye, Jackson Amone, Fulvio Franceschi
• Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population 2007 Mar - Geoffrey F Haft, Cameron G Walker, Haemish A Crawford
• Results of manipulation of idiopathic clubfoot deformity in Malawi by orthopaedic clinical officers using the Ponseti method: a realistic alternative for the developing world? 2005 Sep-Oct- Tindall AJ, Steinlechner CW, Lavy CB, Mannion S, Mkandawire N. J Pediatr Orthop.

Go to the Long-Term Follow Up Studies page

• Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes -1 April 2024 - Ryan Jasper, K. Carvalho, Aly M. Fayed, Antoine Acker, Vineel Mallavarapu, Grayson M. Talaski, N. Mansur, Bopha Chrea, C. de César Netto Published in Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics
• Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method - 19 March 2024 - Pankaj Kumar Maurya, Alok Sahu, Mathew Varghese Published in International Journal of Health Sciences & Research

Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.

• Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes - Dec 2021 - Xue-Cheng Liu , John Thometz , Jonathan Campbell , Channing Tassone
• Successful Ponseti-treated Clubfeet at Age 2 Years: What Is the Rate of Surgical Intervention After This? June 2020 - Matthew J. Siebert, Chelsea M. Karacz, B. Stephens Richards
• A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? - November 2019 - Adam N Graf , Ken N Kuo, Nikhil T Kurapati, Joseph J Krzak, Sahar Hassani, Angela K Caudill, Ann Flanagan, Gerald F Harris, Peter A Smith
• Comparison of ponseti method versus surgical treatment in congenital idiopathic clubfoot: A 5-year follow up study May 2019 - Chatupon Chotigavanichaya, Jidapa Wongchareonwatana, Charikdhamma Saelim, Thanase Ariyawatkul, Kamolporn Kaewpornsawan and Perajit Eamsobhana
• Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse May 2018 - Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Ebramzadeh, Edward PhD; Morgan, Rebecca D. BSc; Sangiorgio, Sophia N. PhD
• Does the Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Stand Up to the March of Time? Commentary on an article by Lewis E. Zionts, MD, et al.: “Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse” - Letts, R. Mervyn MD, MSc, FRCSCa
• Functional Outcomes Following Treatment for Clubfoot: Ten-Year Follow-up December 2018 - Kelly A Jeans, Lori A. Karol, Ashley L. Erdman, Wilshaw Stevens
• The Ponseti Method Decreased the Surgical Incidence in Children with Congenital Clubfoot A Population-Based, 8 Birth-Year Cohort Study November 2018 - Chang, Chia H. MD, PhD; Wang, Shu M. MS, Kuo, Ken N. MD
• Plantar Pressures After Nonoperative Treatment for Clubfoot: Intermediate Follow-up at Age 5 Years 2017 - Jeans, Kelly A. MS; Erdman, Ashley L. BS, MBA; Karol, Lori A. MD
• Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus August 2013 - Martin Ošťádal, Jiri Chomiak, Pavel Dungl, Monika Frydrychová, Michal Burian (3 year old limit on conservative approaches, this study's results should be considered suspect and an outlier)
• Ponseti treatment for idiopathic clubfoot: minimum 5-year followup May 2009 - Noam Bor , Julie A Coplan, John E Herzenberg
• Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: Minimum 2-year follow-up. 2007 - Abdelgawad AA, Lehman WB, van Bosse HJ, Scher DM, Sala DA.
• Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note. 1995 Oct - Cooper DM, Dietz FR

Go to the Non-Idiopathic Studies (Syndromic) & Clubfoot Associated (Neuro, Genetic, etc.) page

• Non-idiopathic Clubfeet: A Current Concepts Review - 2021 - Rujuta Mehta1, Nirmal Raj Gopinathan2, Karthick Rangasamy3
• Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot May 2021 - Jonathan Abraham, Jon Cooper Wall Jr., Michel Diab, Cody Beaver.
• The Ponseti method of treatment for neuromuscular and syndromic (non-idiopathic) clubfeet: evaluation of a programme-based approach at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years January 2021 - Avi Shah, Alaric Aroojis, Rujuta Mehta
• Clubfoot Infants Initially Thought to be Idiopathic, But Later Found Not to Be. How do They do With Nonoperative Treatment? Jan 2019 - Richards, B. Stephens MD, Faulks, Shawne RN, CNS-C
• Neurodevelopmental difficulties negatively affect health‐related quality of life in children with idiopathic clubfoot December 2018 Elin Lööf, Hanneke Andriesse, Eva Broström, Marie Andre, Stephanie Böhm, Sven Bölte
• Treatment of syndrome-associated congenital talipes equinovarus using the Ponseti method: 4-12 years of follow-up 2018 - Hosam E Matar, Daoud Makki, Neeraj K Garg
• A single-center prospective evaluation of the Ponseti method in nonidiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus 2012 Sep - Paul J Moroney, Jacques Noël, Esmond E Fogarty, Paula M Kelly
• Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method 2009 Jun - Joseph A Janicki, Unni G Narayanan, Barbara Harvey, Anvesh Roy, Leonhard E Ramseier, James G Wright
• Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes 2008 Jul - Christina A Gurnett 1, Stephanie Boehm, Anne Connolly, Tyler Reimschisel, Matthew B Dobbs

Arthrogryposis

• Multiple Serial Casting for Recurrent Clubfoot in Arthrogryposis Corrects Deformity With Diminishing Returns - February 2024 - Jeffrey Henstenburg, Nikki Sutliff, Alexander Rompala, Amanda Stutman, Kyrillos M Akhnoukh, Harold J Van Bosse, Sarah Nossov
• The Effectiveness of Serial Casting in the Treatment of Recurrent Equinovarus in Children With Arthrogryposis - December 2022 - Church, Chris MPT; Bourantas, Christina BA; Butler, Stephanie DPT; Salazar-Torres, Jose J PhD; Henley, John PhD; Donohoe, Maureen PT, DPT; Miller, Freeman MD; Nichols, L. Reid Boyce MD
• The 5-Year Outcome of the Ponseti Method in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and Arthrogryposis August 2020 - Church, Chris MPT; McGowan, Abigail; Henley, John PhD; Donohoe, Maureen PT, DPT, PCS; Niiler, Tim PhD; Shrader, Michael W. MD; Nichols, Louise R. MD
• Challenging clubfeet: the arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot June 2019 - H. J. P. van Bosse
• The effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis: up to 8 years follow-up 2016 - Hosam E. Matar, Peter Beirne, Neeraj Garg
• Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame - June 2011 - Mark Eidelman, Alexander Katzman
• Correction of arthrogrypotic clubfoot with a modified Ponseti technique May 2009 - Harold J P van Bosse, Salih Marangoz, Wallace B Lehman, Debra A Sala
• Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot in distal arthrogryposis July 2008 - Stephanie Boehm, Noppachart Limpaphayom, Farhang Alaee, Marc F Sinclair, Matthew B Dobbs

Myelomeningocele

• Osteomyelitis Secondary to Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfoot Associated with Meningomyelocele 2019 Mar - Zainab Majid, Faryal Tahir, Laila Tul Qadar, Kashif H Qadri, Sarrah Ali Asghar
• Effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele: 3-9 years follow-up March 2017 - Hosam E Matar, Peter Beirne, Neeraj K Garg
• Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele June 2009 - David J Gerlach, Christina A Gurnett, Noppachart Limpaphayom, Farhang Alaee, Zhongli Zhang, Kristina Porter, Melissa Kirchhofer, Matthew D Smyth, Matthew B Dobbs

Spina Bifida

• Midterm Results of the Ponseti Method for Treatment of Clubfoot in Patients With Spina Bifida December 2018 - Arkin, Cameron BA; Ihnow, Stephanie MD; Dias, Luciano MD; Swaroop, Vineeta T. MD

Tethered Cord

• Analysis of the efficacy of the Ponseti method for treatment of secondary clubfoot in young children with tethered cord syndrome 2020 Dec B Xia, Y M Dong, Y Zhang, F Y Liu, J Y Yuan, B Yang, F P Wang, X Q Niu, W M Hu
• Clubfoot and Tethered Cord Syndrome: Results of Treatment With the Ponseti Method July 2019 - Jackson, Trevor MD; Jones, Alexander BA; Miller, Nancy MD; Georgopoulos, Gaia MD

Amniotic Band Syndrome

• Club Foot with Contralateral Congenital Amniotic Band Syndrome Amputation Successfully Treated with Ponseti Method: Case Report - September 2024 - Brian Le, S. Mudiganty, Brian Le , Srikanth Mudiganty , Timothy Skalak
• Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Bujar Shabani 1, Dafina Bytyqi 2 3, Cen Bytyqi 1 4
• The Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfeet Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome: A Single Institution 20-Year Experience May/June 2021 Esparza, Melissa MD; Tran, Elaine MD; Richards, Benjamin Stephens MD; Jo, Chan-hee PhD; Shivers, Claire BS; Karacz, Chelsea MS; Polk, Jordan BA; Riccio, Anthony I. MD
• Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome 2021 - Bujar Shabani, Dafina Bytyqi & Cen Bytyqi
• Importance of operative intervention in the treatment of clubfoot associated with congenital constriction Band syndrome 2020 - Kanwarjit Singh Sandhu, Karamdeep Singh Kahal, Dharmvir, Akhil, Sarin and Harmandeep Grewal
• The Effectiveness of the Ponseti Method for Treating Clubfoot Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome April 2016 - Aaron M Carpiaux, Pooya Hosseinzadeh, Ryan D Muchow, Henry J Iwinski, Janet L Walker, Todd A Milbrandt
• The Use of the Ponseti Method to Treat Clubfeet Associated With Congenital Annular Band Syndrome 2013 - Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Habell, Barbara MSN, CPN
• Resistant talipes equinovarus associated with congenital constriction band syndrome Mar-Apr 2000 - S P Hennigan, K N Kuo
  

Polydactyly

• Congenital Left Foot Polydactyly in Corrected Case of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus of Left Foot April 2020 - Rajesh Kishanrao Ambulgekar, Amit Manohar Awachat, Ramesh Laxman Dhakare, Dr. Shankarrao Chavan
• Idiopathic talipes equinovarus with preaxial polydactyly of the foot: a case report April 2017 - Ali Tufan Pehlivan1, Suleyman Semih Dedeoglu, Yunus Imren
• Clubfoot associated with preaxial polydactyly Nov 2014 Eberhardt, Olivera; Fernandez, Francisco F.a; Gabriel, Heinzb; Wirth, Thomasa; Fuchs-Winkelmann, Susannec; Peterlein, Christian D.c
• Clubfoot, Congenital, with or without Deficiency of Long Bones and/or Mirror-Image Polydactyly; CCF Note: Not dated, according to citations it would be some time post 2012 - This appears to be a genetic study.

Developmental Hip Dysplasia, Congenital Muscular Torticollis

• Developmental dysplasia of the hip and clubfoot treated by Pavlik and Ponseti methods September 2019 - Oleas-Santillán, Geovanny; Reid Nichols, Louise; Rogers, Kenneth J.; Richard Bowen, James
• Clubfoot and Congenital Muscular Torticollis Prevalence in Children Diagnosed with Developmental Dysplasia of Hip: Review of 594 DDH Patients May 2016 - Ayman H. Jawadi, Ayman H. Jawadi
• Prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children with clubfoot Aug 2013 - Daud TS Chou, Manoj Ramachandran

Other specific disorders or conditions

Go to the Other Talipes Types - Vertical Talus (Rocker Bottom), Calcaneovalgus, Calcaneovarus, Etc. page

• Congenital Vertical Talus - August 2023 - Udit Agrawal; Vivek Tiwari.
• Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method - April 2023 - Andrzej Grzegorzewski, Łukasz Lipińsi, Błażej Pruszczyński, Paweł Grzegorzewski & Piotr Buchcic
• Congenital Vertical Talus - 2021 Oct - Thomas Wirth
• Prenatal congenital vertical talus (rocker bottom foot): a marker for multisystem anomalies - 2017 Dec. - Eva I Rubio, Nimisha Mehta, Anna R Blask, Dorothy I Bulas
• Congenital Vertical Talus Etiology and Management - October 2015 - Miller, Mark MD; Dobbs, Matthew B. MD
• The talar axis-first metatarsal base angle in CVT treatment: a comparison of idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases treated with the Dobbs method - November 2012 - Oliver Eberhardt 1, Francisco Fernandez Fernandez, Thomas Wirth
• Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery - August 2012 - Hossein Aslani, Ali Sadigi, Ali Tabrizi, Mohammadreza Bazavar, Mehdi Mousavi
• Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique - July 2008 - Atul Bhaskar 1
• Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique - March 2007 - Matthew B Dobbs, Derek B Purcell, Ryan Nunley, Jose A Morcuende
• Single stage surgical correction of congenital vertical talus by complete subtalar release and peritalar reduction by using the Cincinnati incision - 2002 Jan - Gazi Zorer, A Erdem Bagatur, Ahmet Dogan

Go to the Dorsiflexion Research page

• Quantification of Ankle Dorsiflexion in Ponseti-managed Unilateral Clubfoot Patients During Early Childhood - Feb 2021 - Caroline M Tougas, Andrew M Ballester, Rebecca D Morgan, Edward Ebramzadeh, Sophia N Sangiorgio, Lewis E Zionts
• The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis - March 2017 - Erika Marquez, Verity Pacey, Alison Chivers, Paul Gibbons, Kelly Gray

Go to the Other Non-Surgical Methods Studies page

Multi-Method Comparisons

• Comparison of different conservative treatments for idiopathic clubfoot: Ponseti's versus non-Ponseti's methods 2017 May - Jin-Peng He, Jing Fan Shao, Yun Hao
• Non operative treatment of congenital club foot February 2013 - Surendra U. Kamath
• Nonsurgical Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot November 2003 - Noonan, Kenneth J. MD; Richards, Stephens B. MD

French Functional

• 20 years of functional treatment for clubfoot advantages and limitations compared with the Ponseti method March 2021 - Elbaum, Roberta; Noel, Brigitteb; Degueldre, Vincentb; Hallez, Mariec; Filloque, Erellec; Guerin, Virginied; Duvivier, Amandined
• The functional method: experience from the Robert Debré Hospital July 2021 - Philippe Souchet, Jean-Pierre Delaby, Matthieu Campana, Jason Chinnappa, Brice Ilharreborde, Anne-Laure Simon
• Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method August 2019 - A. Zanardi, V. Fortini, Camilla Bettuzzi, Giada Salvatori, E. Prato, Salvatore Di, Giacinto, Manuele Lampasi
• The hybrid method for the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Preliminary results on 92 consecutive feet January 2017 - Federico Canavese, Mounira Mansour, Guillemette Moreau-Pernet, Yannael Gorce, Alain Dimeglio
• Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study 2016 - N. Bocahut, A. Simon, K. Mazda, B. Ilharreborde, P. Souchet
• Long-term Results of Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot in 187 Feet January 2013 - Virginie Rampal, Paris Descartes, CPSC, Caroline Chamond, Xavier Barthes, Christophe Glorion
• Long-term results of treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot in 187 feet: outcome of the functional "French" method, if necessary completed by soft-tissue release 2013 Jan - Virginie Rampal, Caroline Chamond, Xavier Barthes, Christophe Glorion, Raphael Seringe, Philippe Wicart
• The French functional physical therapy method for the treatment of congenital clubfoot January 2012 - Dimeglio, Alain; Canavese, Federico
• A Comparison of Two Nonoperative Methods of Idiopathic Clubfoot Correction: The Ponseti Method and the French Functional (Physiotherapy) Method December 2008 - B Stephens Richards, Shawne Faulks, Karl E Rathjen, Lori A Karol
• Nonoperative clubfoot treatment using the French physical therapy method - Feb 2005 - B Stephens Richards 1, Charles E Johnston, Holly Wilson
• Functional treatment of clubfoot: a new series of 350 idiopathic clubfeet with long-term follow-up - May 2004 - Souchet, Phillipea; Bensahel, Henria; Themar-Noel, Christinea; Pennecot, Georgesa; Csukonyi, Zsoltb
• Results of physical therapy for idiopathic clubfoot: a long-term follow-up study - March 1990 - H Bensahel, A Guillaume, Z Czukonyi, Y Desgrippes

Copenhagen

• Treatment of clubfoot with the modified Copenhagen method: A 10-year follow-up November 2017 - Elia María Utrilla-Rodríguez, Pedro V Munuer, Manuel Albornoz-Cabello
• Conservative treatment of clubfoot using modified Copenhagen method. Jan 2012 - Utrilla-Rodríguez EM, Martínez-Cañavete MJ, Casares JA
• Comparison of serial casting and stretching technique in children with congenital idiopathic clubfoot: Evaluation of a new assessment system Nov 2006 - Hanneke Andriesse &Gunnar Hägglund
• Ultrasound assessment of early clubfoot treatment: a comparison of the Ponseti method and a modified Copenhagen method 2005 Sep - Ylva Aurell, Hanneke Andriesse, Arne Johansson, Kjell Jonsson

Ram's Taping

• Outpatient taping in the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Feb 2013 - A. K. Singh, A. Roshan, S. Ram [View the Slideshare for this study

Kite

• Assessment of Efficacy of Ponseti and Kite’s Method of Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Comparative Study 2018 - Prashant Garhwal, Bimla Choudhary
• Evaluation of Kite and Ponseti methods in the treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot December 2018 - Lucas Cortizo Garcia, Lucas Rocha de Jesus, Mateus de Oliveira Trindade, Fernando Cal Garcia Filho, Magda Leão Pinheiro, Rafaela Jucá Píres de Sá
• Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for congenital Talipes Equino using the Pirani scoring system Jan-Apr 2013 - F Kaseke, T Mudawarima
• Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. 2010 Apr - Rijal R, Shrestha BP, Singh GK, Singh M, Nepal P, Khanal GP, Rai P.
• Conservative Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Kite versus Ponseti Method May 2009 - Amish Sanghvi, V K Mittal
• Nonoperative Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot May 1972 - Hiram Kite, J M.D
• Ponseti's vs. Kite's method in the treatment of clubfoot--a prospective randomised study 2008 Jun - Sud A, Tiwari A, Sharma D, Kapoor S.
• Use of Ponseti's technique in recurrent clubfeet following Kite's method of correction2008 Jul - Nagaraju KD, Vidyadhara S, Shetty AP, Venkatadass K, Rajasekaran S.

Others

• Is the Denis Browne Splint a Myth? A Long-Term Prospective Cohort Study in Clubfoot Management using Denis Browne Splint Versus Daily Exercise Protocol Mar-Apr 2020 - Reda Ali Sheta, Mohamed El-Sayed
• Manipulation and brace fixing for the treatment of congenital clubfoot in newborns and infants October 2014 - Yuxi Su & Guoxin Nan

Go to the ​Physical Abilities & Sport Studies page

• Sport Ability during Walking Age in Clubfoot-Affected Children after Ponseti Method: A Case-Series Study January 2021 - Vito Pavone, Andrea Vescio, Alessia Caldaci, Annalisa Culmon, Marco Sapienz, Mattia Rabito, Federico Canavese, Gianluca Testa
• Walking capacity of children with clubfeet in primary school: Something to worry about? October 2014 - Jacqueline J Lohle-Akkersdijk, Eugene A A Rameckers, Hanneke Andriesse, Ingeborg de Reus

Go to the Physiotherapy Studies (PT) page

• The effectiveness of three-phase physiotherapy program in children with clubfoot after Ponseti treatment March 2021 - Devrim Tarakci,Gökçe Leblebici, Ela Tarakci, Aysegul Bursali
• Congenital clubfoot: Ponseti method and its applicability by the physical therapist May 2020 - Flávia Da Costa Fincato, Rose lidice Holanda, Ana Paula Lima De Deus, Denilson de Queiroz Cerdeira (use Chrome for swift translation)
• Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Apr-May 2010 - Hilton Phillip Gottschalk, Lori A Karol, Kelly A Jeans
• Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2009 - Joseph A Janicki, Unni Narayanan, Barbara J Harvey, Anvesh Roy, Shannon Weir, James Wright
• Early results of a physiotherapist-delivered Ponseti service for the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus foot deformity August 2006 - N. Shack, D. M. Eastwood

Go to the Rocker Bottom Deformity Studies page

• Management of rocker-bottom deformity during Ponseti treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot 2019 - Wanglin Zhang, Haoqi Cai
• The incidence and treatment of rocker bottom deformity as a complication of the conservative treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot February 2008 - Georgios Koureas, Virginie Rampal, Eric Mascard, R Seringe, P Wicart

Go to the Severity Studies page

• Increased Collagen Crosslinking in Stiff Clubfoot Tissue: Implications for the Improvement of Therapeutic Strategies - Nov 2021 - Jarmila Knitlova, Martina Doubkova Adam Eckhardt, Martin Ostadal, Jana Musilkova, Lucie Bacakova, Tomas Novotny

Go to the Scans/Imaging Studies & Articles (Ultrasound, X-Ray, MRI, CT - Mother or Child) page

• Prenatal Diagnosis of Clubfoot: Where Are We Now? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Dec 2021 - Laura Ruzzini, Sergio De Salvatore, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Martina Marino, Alessandra Greco, Ilaria Piergentili, Pier Francesco Costici, and Vincenzo Denaro
• Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes - Sept 2021 - Ilaria Fantasia, Daniela Dibello, Valentina Di Carlo, Giulia Colin, Moira Barbieri, Chiara Belcaro, Elena Magni, Flavio Faletra, Travan Laura, Tamara Stampalija
• Correlation of radiographic parameters with clinical correction in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus undergoing Ponseti treatment July 2021 - Ahmad Addosooki, Hamdy Tammam, Ahmed Fawaz Morsy, Ashraf Marzouq, Emad H. Ahmed, Ahmed M. Ahmed & Elsayed Said
• Sonoelastographic Findings in Clubfeet June 2021 - Andrei Corbu, Dan Cosma, Dana Elena Vasilescu, Dan Vasilescu, Stefan Cristea
• Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique May 2021 - Alaaeldin A Ahmad, Ahmed F. Ghanem, Jihad M. Hamaida, Mosab Maree, Loai Aker, Mohammed I. Abu Kamesh, Suliman N. Berawi
• MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children April 2021 - Manye Yao, Chunxu Zhang, Weyland Cheng, Junhong Guo & Shijie Dong
• Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique - December 2015 - José Antonio Pinto, Andréa Canizares Hernandes, Thais Paula Buchaim, Francesco Camara Blumetti, Carla Chertman, Patrícia Corey Yamane, Artur da Rocha Corrêa Fernandes
• "3D Digitization technique for the Assessment of clubfoot deformity in new born baby"- A Review November 2020 - Sharan Upendra, Gupta, Arpit Sonimm Ashutosh Bangar, Eshan Nigudkar
• Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology - October 2020 - Justine Borchard, Wilshaw Stevens, Matthew Siebert. Claire Shivers. Jacob R. Zide, MD, Anthony Riccio, Kirsten Tulchin- Francis, PhD
• Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique 2020 Jan/Feb - Marcelo de Toledo Piza Watzl1, Alair Augusto Sarmet Moreira Damas dos Santos, Armando Leão Ferreira Neto, Danilo Alves de Araujo
• Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method December 2019 - Haruka Guda, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Ryo Orito, Masato Kobayashi, Dai Otsuki, Hideki Yoshikawa, Kazuomi Sugamoto
• Early Radiographic Changes in the Lateral Talocalcaneal Angle Following Achilles Tenotomy in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot December 2019 - Jingchun Li, Yuanzhong Liu, Yiqiang Li, Zhe Yuan, Hongwen Xu, Federico Canavese
• Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method December 2019 - Haruka Guda, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Ryo Orito, Masato Kobayashi, Dai Otsuki, Hideki Yoshikawa, Kazuomi Sugamoto
• Assessment of the ankle joint in clubfeet and normal feet to the age of four years by ultrasonography 2018 Jun - A Johansson, Y Aurell, B Romanus
• Residual Equinus After the Ponseti Method: An MRI-based 3-Dimensional Analysis May/June 2018 Mitchell, Joseph MD; Bishop, Aaron BS; Feng, Yixuan MS; Farley, Daniel MS; Hetzel, Scott MS; Ploeg, Heidi-Lynn PhD; Nguyen, Jie MS, MD; Noonan, Kenneth J. MD
• Radiological Assessment of Idiopathic Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique March 2018 - Rohit K Shankar, Prem Kotian, Rajendra Annappa, Premjit Sujir, Varghese Joe
• Radiographic Prognostic Factors for Selective Soft Tissue Release After Ponseti Failure in Young Pediatric Clubfoot Patients February 2018 - Seungcheol Kang, Il-Yeong Hwang, Soo-Sung Park
• The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings January 2017 - Daniel Augusto Carvalho Maranho, Fabio Henrique Luiz Leonardo, Carlos Fernando P. S Herrero, Edgard Eduard Engel, Jose Batista Volpon, Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa
• Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up May-Jun 2017 - J G Ríos-Ruiz, D M González-Torres, L A Valdez-Jiménez
• Ponseti Casting Method in Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot and Its Correlation with Radiographic Features Abstract 2017 May - Taghi Baghdadi, Nima Bagheri, Arvin Najafi, Pejman Mansouri, Mahmoud Farzan
• Nonoperatively Corrected Clubfoot at Age 2 Years: Radiographs Are Not Helpful in Predicting Future Relapse January 2017 - B. Stephens Richards, Shawne Faulks, Ozan Razim, Amanda Moualeu, Chan-Hee Jo
• Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection?, May 2001 - Shahbaz Khan Sr., Mansoor Ali Khan, Muhammad Amin Chinoy, Sadia Ahmed
• Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique - December 2015 - José Antonio Pinto, Andréa Canizares Hernandes, Thais Paula Buchaim, Francesco Camara Blumetti, Carla Chertman, Patrícia Corey Yamane, Artur da Rocha Corrêa Fernandes
• Can Radiographs Predict Outcome in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet Treated With the Ponseti Method? October/November 2015 - O’Halloran, Conor P. BS; Halanski, Matthew A. MD; Nemeth, Blaise A. MD; Zimmermann, Catherine C. MD; Noonan, Kenneth J. MD
• Radiographic Indicators of Surgery and Functional Outcome in Ponseti-Treated Clubfeet 2015 - Dec - Lior Shabtai, Yoram Hemo, Ariela Yavor, Roy Gigi, Shlomo Wientroub, Eitan Segev
• The Effect of Clinical, Radiographic and Functional Scores on the Total Score in the Evaluation of Congenital Clubfoot August 2014 Zoran Rakonjac, Radivoj Brdar, Miroslav Popovic
• Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? 2014 - P. Nasr, L. Berman & A. Rehm
• 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) January 2013 - Suzanne Duce, Mariella D'Alessandro, Yimeng Du, Baljit Jagpal, Fiona J Gilbert, Lena Crichton, Simon Barker, Jon Martin Collinson, Zosia Miedzybrodzka
• Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Sept 2012 - Hisateru Niki, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takaaki Hirano, Hirokazu Okada, Moroe Beppu
• Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot - 2010 Nov - Laura J. Merrill, MD,1 Christina A. Gurnett, MD, PhD, Marilyn Siegel, MD, Sushil Sonavane, MD, and Matthew B. Dobbs, MD
• Correlation between clinical outcome of surgically treated clubfeet and different radiological parameters 2008 Aug - Mazen Abulsaad, Nahed Abdelgaber
• Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release October 2007 - Prabhudev Prasad, Ramesh Sen, Shivender S Gill, Emal Wardak, Raghav Saini
• Radiographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet undergoing Ponseti treatment 2007 Jun Christof Radler, Hans Michael Manner, Renata Suda, Rolf Burghardt, John E Herzenberg, Rudulf Ganger, Franz Grill
• Assessment of talus deformity by three-dimensional MRI in congenital clubfoot February 2005 - T Itohara, K Sugamoto, N Shimizu, I Ohno, H Tanaka, Yoshikazu Nakajima, Yasushi Sato, H Yoshikawa
• The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot. CT study at maturity. 2004 May - Ippolito E, Fraracci L, Farsetti P, Di Mario M, Caterini R
• Magnetic resonance imaging study of the congenital clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method. 2001 Nov-Dec - Pirani S, Zeznik L, Hodges D
• A radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 - I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein

Go to the Study Standards Papers page

• Outcome Measures in Clubfoot July 2021 - Alaric J Aroojis, Bibek Banskota, Soroush Baghdadi, Prakash Yadav, Divya Talwar, David A Spiegel
• Development of a core outcome set for idiopathic clubfoot management a study protocol April 2021 - Donato Giuseppe Leo, Aisling Russell, Anna Bridgens, Daniel C Perry, Deborah M Eastwood, Ashley Dean, Yael Gelfer

Go to the Surgical Correction for Clubfoot Studies page

**Studies associated with initial surgical correction - Non-Ponseti Method. Some are quite old, Some do not have text at all. Full texts can usually be specifically requested.

The following link is a PDF file of a "book" compilation of many studies and papers describing mostly surgical methods and treatments for clubfoot up until the time of it's writing in 1993. There is a small section near the end discussing "conservative" treatments but does not mention any non-surgical methods by name. Dr. Ponseti is referenced 20 times, only in citations for his papers. If you want to find out more about your specific surgical method, chances are there are pictures and descriptions of it within this large document.

• The Clubfoot - The Present and a View of the Future With a Foreword by M.O. Tachdjian - With 328 Figures in 523 Parts, 3 Figures in Color 1993

This document is 27MB in size and downloads as a PDF to your device by default. If you would like to load a 16mb file inline and view it in your browser without downloading the file, use this link. Due to it's size, it will first throw an error in your browser, but if you are patient it will eventually load.

• Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis - April 2022 - Allen Kadado, MD, Noel Osereimen Akioyamen, MD, Rachel Garfinkel, MD, Nickolas Nahm, MD, and Ferras Zeni, MD
• Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes - Dec 2021 - Xue-Cheng Liu , John Thometz , Jonathan Campbell , Channing Tassone
• Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet - Oct 2021 - Kyle Korth, Scott Bolam, Ellen Leiferman, Thomas Crenshaw, Michael Dray, Haemish A Crawford, Maegen Wallace, Matthew A Halanski
• A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot September 2021 - James A.F. Recordon, Matthew A. Halanski, Mark Boocock, Peter J. McNair, Ngaire S. Stott, Haemish A. Crawford
  • Evidence Favors Ponseti Management of Clubfoot - A Commentary on an article by James A.F. Recordon, MBCHB, et al.: “A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot” - Kuo, Ken N. MD, Smith, Peter A. MD
• Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot - May 2021 - Jonathan Abraham, Jon Cooper Wall Jr., Michel Diab and Cody Beaver
• Outcomes of Naviculectomy for Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity April 2021 - David E. Westberry, Ashley M. Carpenter, Katherine Brown, Samuel B. Hilton
• Plantar Pressures Following Surgical Release in Children With Clubfoot: Comparison of Posterior Release, Posteromedial Release, and Nonoperative Correction Aug 2021 - Erdman, Ashley L. BS, MBA; Jeans, Kelly A. MS; Karol, Lori A. MD
• Correction of Recurrent Equinus Deformity in Surgically Treated Clubfeet by Anterior Distal Tibial Hemiepiphysiodesis October 2020 - Ebert, Nicola MD; Ballhause, Tobias M. MD; Babin, Kornelia MD; Schelling, Katrin MD; Stiel, Norbert MD; Stuecker, Ralf MD; Spiro, Alexander S. MD
• Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence September 2020 - Andrei Corbu, Dan Cosma, Dana Elena Vasilescu, Stefan Cristea
• Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study - July 2020 - Ali Bakir, Al-Hilli
• Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results May 2020 - Albert Ferrando, Marta Salom, Alvaro Page, Alexandre Perez-Girbes
• Late Effects of Clubfoot Deformity in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Whose Initial Treatment Was an Extensive Soft-tissue Release: Topic Review and Clinical Case Series 2020 - Johnson, Jeffrey E. MD; Fortney, Thomas A. MD; Luk, Pamela C. MD; Klein, Sandra E. MD; McCormick, Jeremy J. MD; Dobbs, Matthew B. MD; Gordon, J. Eric MD; Schoenecker, Perry L. MD
• A comparative study of pedobarography and ankle kinematics between children with idiopathic clubfoot after a soft tissue release procedure and controls December 2019 - Noppachart Limpaphayom, Tanteera Tooptakong, Phatcharapa Osateerakun
• A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? - November 2019 - Adam N Graf , Ken N Kuo, Nikhil T Kurapati, Joseph J Krzak, Sahar Hassani, Angela K Caudill, Ann Flanagan, Gerald F Harris, Peter A Smith
• Does an overcorrected clubfoot caused by surgery or by the Ponseti method behave differently? October 2019 - Chakravarthy U. Dussaa, Harald Böhmb, Leonhard Döderleinc, Raimund Forstd, Albert Fujakd
• Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Sept 2018 - Wallace, Juanita J.; White, Hank D.; Augsburger, Samuel F.; Talwalkar, Vishwas R.; Muchow, Ryan D.; Iwinski, Henry J.; Walker, Janet L.
• Growth Disturbance of the Distal Tibia in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet: Ankle Valgus and Anteflexion of the Distal Tibia June 2016 - Rolf D Burghardt, Laura P. Tettenborn, Ralf Stuecker
• Ponseti Treatment of Rigid Residual Deformity in Congenital Clubfoot After Walking Age October 2016 - Dragoni, Massimiliano MD; Farsetti, Pasquale MD; Vena, Giuseppe MD; Bellini, Diego MD; Maglione, Pierluigi MD; Ippolito, Ernesto MD
• Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot 2016 - Chatupon Chotigavanichaya MD, Perajit Eamsobhana MD, Thanase Ariyawatkul MD, Charikdhamma Saelim MD, Kamolporn Kaewpornsawan MD

NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.

• Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique - December 2015 - José Antonio Pinto, Andréa Canizares Hernandes, Thais Paula Buchaim, Francesco Camara Blumetti, Carla Chertman, Patrícia Corey Yamane, Artur da Rocha Corrêa Fernandes
• Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? November 2013 - Peter A Smith, Ken Kuo, Adam Graf, Joseph Krzak, Ann Flanagan, Sahar Hassani, Angela Caudill, Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende, Gerald F Harris
• Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy August 2012 - Eidelman, Mark MD; Keren, Yaniv MD; Katzman, Alexander MD
• Hind-foot correction and stabilization by pins in plaster after surgical release of talipes equino varus feet in older children 2010 Jul - Mohamed M El-Sayed, Osama A Seleem
• Is it Possible to Treat Recurrent Clubfoot with the Ponseti Technique After Posteromedial Release?: A Preliminary Study May 2009 - Monica Paschoal Nogueira, MD, Anna Maria Ey Batlle, MD, and Cristina Gomes Alves, MD
• Use of the Ponseti method for recurrent clubfoot following posteromedial release 2008 Jan - Sumeet Garg, Matthew B Dobbs
• Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release October 2007 - Prabhudev Prasad, Ramesh Sen, Shivender S Gill, Emal Wardak, Raghav Saini
• Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device May 2007 - Ricardo Cardenuto Ferreira, M.D., Marco Túlio Costa, M.D., Gastao Guilherme Frizzo, M.D., Roberto Attilio Lima Santin, M.D.First
• Clinical and Radiographic Features of Operatively Treated Stiff Clubfeet after Skeletal Maturity: Etiology of the Deformities and How to Prevent Them January 2006 - Pierre-Louis Docquier, M.D., Thibaut Leemrijse, M.D., Jean-Jacques Rombouts, Ph.D.
• Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus 2006 Jul - Paul G Haslam, Martin Goddard, Mark J Flowers, James A Fernandes
• Correcting residual deformity following clubfoot releases 2006 - KN Kuo, PA Smith
• Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot July-Aug 2003 - Cumhur Cevdet Kesemenli, Ahmet Kapukaya, Mehmet Subaşi, Serdar Necmioglu, Hüseyin Arslan, Davut Ozbag, Yusuf Celik
• Long-term comparative results in patients with congenital clubfoot treated with two different protocols - July 2003 - Ippolito E, Farsetti P, Caterini R, Tudisco C.J Bone.
• Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review - April 2002 - H Huber, R Galantay, M Dutoit
• Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot - 2001 R J Cummings, C J Bashore, C B Bookout, M J Elliott
• Orthopaedic treatment and passive motion machine: consequences for the surgical treatment of clubfoot - January 1996 - Diméglio A, Bonnet F, Mazeau P, De Rosa V
• Deformity and disability from treated clubfoot Jan-Feb 1990 - J Aronson, C L Puskarich
• Reoperation in treatment of clubfoot Mar 1989 - Vizkelety T, Szepesi K

Go to the Relapse & Recurrent Clubfoot Studies page

• Early clubfoot recurrence can lead to more frequent and earlier second recurrences - October 2024 - Schaibley, Claire; Torres-Izquierdo, Beltran; Hosseinzadeh, Pooya

Conclusion: This study suggests that early clubfoot recurrence leads to more frequent subsequent recurrence and earlier second recurrence. Patients with early recurrence had comparatively lower outcome scores, primarily due to multiple recurrences. Care providers could use this knowledge to educate parents about the natural history of recurrent clubfeet and emphasize the importance of brace compliance and routine monitoring.

• Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method - 19 March 2024 - Pankaj Kumar Maurya, Alok Sahu, Mathew Varghese Published in International Journal of Health Sciences & Research

Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.

• Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis - April 2022 - Allen Kadado, MD, Noel Osereimen Akioyamen, MD, Rachel Garfinkel, MD, Nickolas Nahm, MD, and Ferras Zeni, MD
• Increased Collagen Crosslinking in Stiff Clubfoot Tissue: Implications for the Improvement of Therapeutic Strategies - November 2022 - Jarmila Knitlova, Martina Doubkova, Adam Eckhardt, Martin Ostadal, Jana Musilkova, Lucie Bacakova, Tomas Novotny
• Updates in the Surgical Management of Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity: a Scoping Review - February 2022 - Karim Gaber, Basit Mir, Mohammed Shehab, and Waleed Kishta
• Prognostic factors for recurrent idiopathic clubfoot deformity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis October 2021 - Heleen van Schelven, Sophie Moerman, Marieke Van Der Steen, Arnold T Besselaar, Christian Greve
• Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? - Sept 2021 - Jarmila Knitlova, Martina Doubkova, Martin Plencner, David Vondrasek, Adam Eckhardt, Martin Ostadal, Jana Musilkova, Lucie Bacakova, Tomas Novotny
• Relapse Pattern in Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique -A Prospective Observational Study from Kerala, India April 2021 - Raju Karuppal, Jacob Mathew
• Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot September 2021 - Mudit Shah, Isaac Rhee, Seung Kyu Lee, Mohammed Salman Alhassan, Kim hyun woo
• Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis 2021 May - Anil Agarwal, Anuj Rastogi, Prateek Rastogi
• Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the, number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? 2021 - Mohammad Ali Tahririan, Mohammadreza Piri Ardakani and Sara Kheiri

NOTE: This paper discusses relapse as associated with Pirani and Dimeglio scores

• Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot- derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? September 2020 - Jarmila Knitlovaa, Martina Doubkovaa, Martin Plencnera, David Vondraseka, Adam Eckhardta, Martin Ostadald, Jana Musilkovaa, Lucie Bacakovaa, and Tomas Novotny
• Can Repeated Ponseti Management for Relapsed Clubfeet Produce the Outcome Comparable With the Case Without Relapse? A Clinical Study in Term of Gait Analysis 2020 Jan - Yu-Bin Liu, Shu-Yun Jiang, Li Zhao, Yan Yu, Da-Hang Zhao
• Factors Affecting Parents to ‘Drop-Out’ from Ponseti Method and Children’s Clubfoot Relapse January 2020 - Angela Evans
• Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot 2020 - Novotny, Tomas MD, PhD; Eckhardt, Adam PhD; Knitlova, Jarmila MS; Doubkova, Martina MSc; Ostadal, Martin PhD; Uhlik, Jiri PhD; Musilkova, Jana PhD
• Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method November 2019 - Limpaphayom N, Sailohit P
• Poor Evertor Muscle Activity Is a Predictor of Recurrence in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Prospective Longitudinal Study With a 5-Year Follow-up. July 2019 - Little, Zoe MRCS; Yeo, Andrea FRCS; Gelfer, Yael MD, PhD, FRCS
• The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot Jun 2019 - S. Böhm, M. F. Sinclair

NOTE: This paper shows awesome images of what relapse looks like.

• Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery June 2019 - M. Eidelman, P. Kotlarsky, J. E. Herzenberg
• Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time A Systematic Review May 2019- Thomas, Hannah M. BS; Sangiorgio, Sophia N. PhD; Ebramzadeh, Edward PhD; Zionts, Lewis E. MD
• Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Nov/Dec 2018 - Dahang Zhao, Hai Li, Li Zhao, Ken N Kuo, Xuan Yang, Zhenkai Wu, Jianlin Liu, Jie Zhu

Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.

• Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results May 2018 - Dan Cosma, Andrei Corbu, Dan Nistor, Adrian Todor, Madalina Valeanu, Jose Morcuende, Sorin Man
• Efficacy of Ponseti Technique in Virgin and Relapsed Clubfeet: A Comparative Study 2018 Sep Prince Shanavas Khan, Bobby John, Shiraz Bhatty
• Casting Is Effective for Recurrence Following Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot - June 2018 - Veroniek M. van Praag, MD, MA, Magdalena Lysenko, MA, Barbara Harvey, PT, Rosanna Yankanah, MA, and James G. Wright, MD, MPH, FRCSC
• Identification and treatment of residual and relapsed idiopathic clubfoot in 88 children July 2018 - Jurre H Stouten, Arnold T Besselaar, and M C (Marieke) Van Der Steen
• Relapse following use of Ponseti method in idiopathic clubfoot - November 2018 - Chand S, Mehtani A, Sud A, Prakash J, Sinha A, Agnihotri A
• Clubfoot relapse: does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse? September 2017 - Susan T Mahan, S. A. Spencer, C. J. May, Victoria Prete, J. R. Kasser
• Functional outcome of tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy for treatment of congenital talipes equino varus in children older than two years Sept 2017 - Sunny Agarwal, Suresh B., Mathew Varghese, Vishesh Khanna, Mandeep Singh Bajaj
• The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis March 2017 - Marquez, Erika; Pacey, Veritya; Chivers, Alison; Gibbons, Paul; Gray, Kelly
• Management of clubfoot relapses with the Ponseti method: results of a survey of the POSNA members Feb 2017 - Hosseinzadeh P, Kiebzak G M Dolan L Zionts L E, Morcuende J.
• Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study 2016 - N. Bocahut, A. Simon, K. Mazda, B. Ilharreborde, P. Souchet
• Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting March 2016 - Hosseinzadeh, Pooya; Peterson, Erik D.; Walker, Janet; Muchow, Ryan D.; Iwinski, Henry J.; Talwalkar, Vishwas R.; Milbrandt, Todd A.
• Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot Published 2015- R. Goldstein, Derek A Seehausen, W. Lehman

letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD

• Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting March 2016 - Hosseinzadeh, Pooya; Peterson, Erik D.; Walker, Janet; Muchow, Ryan D.; Iwinski, Henry J.; Talwalkar, Vishwas R.; Milbrandt, Todd A.
• The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot 2016 - Sophia N. Sangiorgio, PhD, Nathan C. Ho, MS, Rebecca D. Morgan, BS, Edward Ebramzadeh, PhD, and Lewis E. Zionts, MD
• Classification of relapse pattern in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique 2013 Jul - Atul Bhaskar, Piyush Patni
• Treatment Results of Late-relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Previously Treated With the Ponseti Method June 2012 - McKay, Scott D. MD; Dolan, Lori A. PhD; Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD
• Gastrocsoleus fascial release for correction of equinus deformity in residual or relapsed clubfoot 2012 Dec - Soo-Sung Park, Ho Seong Lee, Sang-Ho Han, Jin-Woong Park, Maria Josephine B de Peralta
• Relapsing and residual clubfoot deformities after the application of the Ponseti method: a contemporary review. - 2014 - Parsa A, Moghadam M H, Jamshidi M H
• Relapse of clubfoot after treatment with the Ponseti method and the function of the foot abduction orthosis. 2014 - Zhao D., Liu J., Zhao L., Wu Z.
• Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? October 2010 - Vitali Goriainov, Julia Judd, Michael G Uglow
• Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot - 2010 Nov - Laura J. Merrill, MD,1 Christina A. Gurnett, MD, PhD, Marilyn Siegel, MD, Sushil Sonavane, MD, and Matthew B. Dobbs, MD
• Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot Nov 2009 - S.-S. Park, S. W. Kim, B.-S. Jung, H. S. Lee, J. S. Kim
• What Proportion of Patients Need Extensive Surgery After Failure of the Ponseti Technique for Clubfoot? May 2009 Willis, Baxter R. MD, FRCSC; Al-Hunaishel, Mazen MD; Guerra, Luis MD, MSc; Kontio, Ken MD, FRCSC
• Treatment of Clubfoot With the Ponseti Method A Comparison of Casting Materials March 2008 - Pittner, Douglas E. MD; Klingele, Kevin E. MD; Beebe, Allan C. MD
• Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population. March 2007 - Haft GF, Walker CG, Crawford HA
• Abstract entitled "Clubfoot Relapses: Natural History and the Effects of Foot Hyperabduction" by Matthew Lovell, BS, Lori Dolan Ph.D, Ignacio Ponseti, M.D., and Jose A. Morcuende M.D., Ph.D

This information was initially presented at the 4th International Clubfoot Meeting in Istanbul, Turkey and the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in Washington D.C. in 2005.

• Late recurrence of clubfoot deformity: a 45-year followup. 2003 Jun - Dobbs MB, Corley CL, Morcuende JA, Ponseti IV.
• Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment. 2002 - Ponseti IV. Iowa Orthop J.

Relapse Assessment

• The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot June 2019 - Stephanie Boehm, M. F. Sinclair

Clubfoot Relapse Surgery (Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT/ATT)

• Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications - January 2023 - F Turazza, E Sanchez, Victoria Allende, Sanatorio Allende, Julio Javier Masquijo, Sanatorio Allende
• Normalization of Forefoot Supination After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Dynamic Clubfoot Recurrence March 2020 - Gabriel Mindler, Andreas Kranzl, Christof Radler
• How Many Patients Who Have a Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method are Likely to Undergo a Tendon Transfer? August 2018 - Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Jew, Michael H. BS; Bauer, Kathryn L. MD; Ebramzadeh, Edward PhD; Sangiorgio, Sophia N. PhD
• Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot 2015 August - Joshua B. Holt, MD, Brian Westerlind, BA, and Jose A. Morcuende, MD, PhD

NOTE: This full text paper shows both still images and video of the ATTT surgery

• How Do Different Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer Techniques Influence Forefoot and Hindfoot Motion? May 2015 - Knutsen, A. R. MS; Avoian, T. MD; Sangiorgio, S. N. PhD; Borkowski, S. L. MS; Ebramzadeh, E. PhD; Zionts, L. E. MD
• Factors Predictive of Second Recurrence in Clubfeet Treated by Ponseti Casting May 2015 - Luckett, Matthew R. MD; Hosseinzadeh, Pooya MD; Ashley, Philip A. MD; Muchow, Ryan D. MD; Talwalkar, Vishwas R. MD; Iwinski, Henry J. MD; Walker, Janet L. MD; Milbrandt, Todd A. MD
• Long-Term Results of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsed Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method A Follow-up of Thirty-seven to Fifty-five Years January 2015 - Holt, Joshua B. MD; Oji, David E. MD; Yack, H. John PhD, PT; Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD
• Plantar Pressures Following Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfers in Children With Clubfoot 2014 - Jeans, Kelly A. MS; Tulchin-Francis, Kirsten PhD; Crawford, Lindsay MD, Karol, Lori A. MD
• Nerve Structures at Risk in the Plantar Side of the Foot During Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer A Cadaver Study February 2012 - Radler, Christof MD1; Gourdine-Shaw, Monique C. DPM, CDR, MSc, USN; Herzenberg, John E. MD, FRCSC2
• Relapse After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method 2012 - Masrouha, Karim Z. MD; Morcuende, José A. MD, PhD
• Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet. 2000 - Ezra E, Hayek S, Gilai AN, Khermosh O, Wientroub S.

Other Relapse Surgery

• Ankle Range of Motion After Posterior Subtalar and Ankle Capsulotomy for Relapsed Equinus in Idiopathic Clubfoot Apr/May 2017 Julio J Jauregui 1, Shirin Zamani, Hummira H Abawi, John E Herzenberg

Go to the Reviews of Clubfoot Studies page

• Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies- 2022 - Stephanie Zioupos, Daniel Westacott
• Updates in the Surgical Management of Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity: a Scoping Review - February 2022 - Karim Gaber, Basit Mir, Mohammed Shehab, and Waleed Kishta
• What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review - May 2021 - Daniel Murphy, Mohsen Raza, Hiba Khan, Deborah M. Eastwood, and Yael Gelfer
• Unilateral limb orthosis for maintenance of deformity correction following treatment of clubfoot with Ponseti technique: a systematic review 2021 Jul - Anil Agarwal, Anuj Rastogi, Jatin Talwar, Nitish Bikram Deo, Prateek Rastogi
• Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis July 2021 - Anil Agarwal, Anuj Rastogi, Prateek Rastogi
• Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review 2021 Jun - Omar A Al-Mohrej, Fawaz N Alshaalan, Thamer S Alhussainan
• What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review 2021 May - Daniel Murphy, Mohsen Raza, Hiba Khan, Deborah M. Eastwood, and Yael Gelfer
• Idiopathic clubfoot treatment and heterogeneity of current therapeutic strategies: The Ponseti method versus the French functional method (a systematic review) May 2021 - E. de La Taille, J. Sales de Gauzy, M. Gaubert Noirot
• A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot 2020 Aug - Yael Gelfer, Katie Patterson Hughes, Andreas Fontalis, Shlomo Wientroub, Deborah M Eastwood
• Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review May 2021 - Gosse, Georgia Eldera; Banwell, Helenb; McIntyre, Auburnc; Ward, Emilya
• A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot July 2020, Yael Gelfer, Katie Hughes, Andreas Fontalis, Shlomo Wientroub, Deborah M Eastwood
• Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review July 2020 - Sally M. Trout, Amanda T. Whitaker
• Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) May 2020 - Shadi Bina, Verity Pacey, Elizabeth H Barnes, Joshua Burns, Kelly Gray
• Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study January 2020 - Arun K Vaishy, Mohd Arif, Deepshikhar Acharya, Ramakishan Choudhary Prem M Seervi, Ravi Kumar
• Congenital talipes equinovarus a systematic review of relapse as a primary outcome of the Ponseti method June 2019 - Yael Gelfer, Shlomo Wientroub, Katie Hughes, Andreas Fontalis, Deborah M Eastwood
• Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time: A Systematic Review May 2019 - Hannah M. Thomas, Sophia Sangiorgio, Edward Ebramzadeh, Lewis Zionts
• The Ponseti method in children with clubfoot after walking age – Systematic review and metanalysis of observational studies November 2018 - Gabriel Ferraz Ferreira, Kelly Cristina Stéfani, Davi de Podestá Haje, Monica Paschoal Nogueira
• The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review August 2018 - Vito Pavone, Emanuele Chisari, Andrea Vescio, Ludovico Lucenti, Giuseppe Sessa, Gianluca Testa
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of global birth prevalence of clubfoot: a study protocol 2018 Mar - Ansar A, Rahman AE, Romero L, Haider MR, Rahman MM, Moinuddin M, Siddique MAB, Mamun MA, Mazumder T, Pirani SP, Mathias RG, Arifeen SE, Hoque DME.
• Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review June 2017 - Balasankar Ganesan ,Ameersing Luximon ,Adel Al-Jumaily ,Suchita Kothe Balasankar,Ganesh R. Naik
• The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis March 2017 - Marquez, Erikaa; Pacey, Veritya; Chivers, Alisonb; Gibbons, Paul; Gray, Kelly
• Birth prevalence of congenital talipes equinovarus in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2017 Jan - Tracey Smythe, Hannah Kuper, David Macleod, Allen Foster, Christopher Lavy
• Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Aug 2015 - W Gary Smith
• Results of clubfoot management using the Ponseti method: do the details matter? A systematic review 2014 Apr - Dahang Zhao 1, Hai Li, Li Zhao, Jianlin Liu, Zhenkai Wu, Fangchun Jin
• The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations 2013 Sep - Christof Radler

Go to the Unilateral and Bilateral Studies page

• Does Laterality of Deformity Influence the Severity of the Idiopathic Clubfoot? July 2019 - Chukwuemeka Anisi, Innocent Abang, Joseph E Asuquo, Pius Agweye, Osakwe Onyebuchi Gregory
• Are bilateral idiopathic clubfeet more severe than unilateral feet? A severity and treatment analysis May 2018 - Anil Agarwal, Nargesh Agrawal, Sitanshu Barik, Neeraj Gupta
• The contralateral foot in children with unilateral clubfoot: a study of pressures and forces involved in gait. January 2007 - Philippe Favre MS, Gerhard U. Exner MD, Burkhard Drerup PhD, Denise Schmid BS, Hans H. Wetz MD, Hilaire A.C. Jacob PhD

Go to the Valgus Overcorrection Studies page

Valgus Overcorrection

• Pain and overcorrection in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method Jan 2018 Hayes, Christopher B.; Murr, Kevin A.; Muchow, Ryan D.; Iwinski, Henry J.; Talwalkar, Vishwas R.; Walker, Janet L.; Milbrandt, Todd A.; Hosseinzadeh, Pooya

Go to the Vertical Talus (Congenital) - Congenital Rocker Bottom page

• Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method - April 2023 - Andrzej Grzegorzewski, Łukasz Lipiński, Błażej Pruszczyński, Paweł Grzegorzewski, Piotr Buchcic
• Diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in congenital vertical talus - June 2022 - Naeimeh Tayebi, Wu-Lin Charng, Patricia I Dickson, Matthew B Dobbs, Christina A Gurnett
• Congenital Vertical Talus - December 2021 - Thomas Wirth
• Vertical Talus: Mid-Term Results of Surgical Therapy - 2015 - Němejcová E, Chládek P, Rybka D, Schejbalová A, Trč T.
• Minimally invasive approach for the treatment of non-isolated congenital vertical talus. - June 2012 - Chalayon O, Adams A, Dobbs MB.
• Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery. - August 2012 - Aslani H, Sadigi A, Tabrizi A, Bazavar M, Mousavi M.
• Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique - 2008 - Bhaskar A.
• Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique - March 2007 - Matthew B Dobbs, Derek B Purcell, Ryan Nunley, Jose A Morcuende
• Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. - June 2006 - Dobbs MB, Purcell DB, Nunley R, Morcuende JA