Searchable All Clubfoot Research Studies

All the topics below are expanded which allows you to search all the studies listed on this website.

It does however make for a very long page that is difficult for most visitors to use easily.

For more practical and user friendly browsing, please see the All Clubfoot Studies page, or use the main menu to drill down into a specific topic or category.

***Use ctrl+F (Windows) or cmd+F (Mac) to "Find" key words in the titles of these studies.
On mobile, use the "Find in page" option.
You can also search by author name or year published.
***

Go to the Dr. Ponseti's Studies page


The 30 Year Study

(that fueled the parental revolution and was the inspiration for Dr. Ponseti's book, Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment, published in 1996)


Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method

Clubfoot In History

Ponseti Method Training


Go to the Achilles Tenotomy Studies page


Botox for tendon lengthening.


Botulinum toxin in treatment of clubfoot relapse - Patent application by Chrinstine Alvarez - status: Abandoned


Go to the Age When Treatment Begins Studies page


*See the "Neglected Clubfoot" section for papers studying the Ponseti Method for children of walking age, or older.


Go to the Biology and Etiology of Clubfoot Studies page



Go to the Bracing Studies page


"The goal of the extensive bracing regime is to prevent recurrence by opposing the deforming forces at the medial ankle–foot joints that persist or reoccur after initial correction of the clubfoot" (Ponseti 2002, Dobbs and Gurnett 2009, Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017).


Bracing Comparisons


Foot Abduction Brace/Bar (FAB, BnB, Boots & Bar, DBB)


Bracing Time/Length & Compliance


Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism (ADM)

ADM prospective studies

*This is not a published paper or confirmed study; but it might be ongoing. If you wish to participate see this page and email the study contact.
Feasibility of Other Orthosis for Talipes (FOOT) trial - Nigel Kiely - United Kingdom


Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)


Go to the Casting Studies page



Accelerated or "Fast" Casting


Go to the Complex and Atypical Clubfoot Studies page



Go to the Clubfoot Score/Assessments and Classifications Studies (Severity) page


Clubfoot Severity Scoring/Classification (initial assessment)

letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD


Ultrasound Assessment of Clubfoot Severity


Clubfoot Assessment (after treatment)


Go to the Delayed Presenting Clubfoot - DPC (Neglected & Untreated) Clubfoot Studies page


**Clubfoot is often left untreated in some underdeveloped nations and it can take some years to begin treatment. Usually patients are over 6 months to a year old, but often they are much older.

NOTE: This paper follows a 24 year old untreated/neglected university student treated with Ponseti Method

Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame


Go to the Development & Motor Skills Studies page



Go to the External Frame Studies page


Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame


Go to the False Positives or Missed Positives for Clubfoot on Ultrasound page



Go to the Flat Top Talus Studies page


Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I Riccio


Go to the Foot Bones (Talus) Studies page


Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome

Talar Deformity & Flattening


Go to the Foot Length & Calf Muscle Discrepancy Studies page



Go to the Gait Studies page



Go to the Gender Studies page



Go to the General Clubfoot Studies page



Go to the Genetics Studies, Hereditary & Other Risk Factors with Associated Clubfoot page


Associated Risk Factors (potential)


Go to the HyperMobility/HyperFlexibility Studies page



Go to the Locale Specific Studies page



Go to the Long-Term Follow Up Studies page



Go to the Non-Idiopathic Studies (Syndromic) & Clubfoot Associated (Neuro, Genetic, etc.) page



Arthrogryposis


Myelomeningocele


Spina Bifida


Tethered Cord

Amniotic Band Syndrome


Polydactyly


Developmental Hip Dysplasia, Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Other specific disorders or conditions

  • Saul-Wilson Syndrome - Carlos Ferreira Margaret P Adam, David B Everman, Ghayda M Mirzaa, Roberta A Pagon, Stephanie E Wallace, Lora JH Bean, Karen W Gripp, Anne Amemiya, editors. - GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. 2020 Feb 20.

  • Go to the Other Talipes Types - Vertical Talus (Rocker Bottom), Calcaneovalgus, Calcaneovarus, Etc. page



    Go to the Dorsiflexion Research page




    Go to the Other Non-Surgical Methods Studies page


    Multi-Method Comparisons


    French Functional


    Copenhagen

    Ram's Taping


    Kite

    Others


    Go to the ​Physical Abilities & Sport Studies page



    Go to the Physiotherapy Studies (PT) page



    Go to the Severity Studies page



    Go to the Scans/Imaging Studies & Articles (Ultrasound, X-Ray, MRI, CT - Mother or Child) page



    Go to the Study Standards Papers page



    Go to the Surgical Correction for Clubfoot Studies page


    **Studies associated with initial surgical correction - Non-Ponseti Method. Some are quite old, Some do not have text at all. Full texts can usually be specifically requested.

    The following link is a PDF file of a "book" compilation of many studies and papers describing mostly surgical methods and treatments for clubfoot up until the time of it's writing in 1993. There is a small section near the end discussing "conservative" treatments but does not mention any non-surgical methods by name. Dr. Ponseti is referenced 20 times, only in citations for his papers. If you want to find out more about your specific surgical method, chances are there are pictures and descriptions of it within this large document.

    This document is 27MB in size and downloads as a PDF to your device by default. If you would like to load a 16mb file inline and view it in your browser without downloading the file, use this link. Due to it's size, it will first throw an error in your browser, but if you are patient it will eventually load.



    Go to the Relapse & Recurrent Clubfoot Studies page


    NOTE: This paper discusses relapse as associated with Pirani and Dimeglio scores

    NOTE: This paper shows awesome images of what relapse looks like.

    Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.

    This information was initially presented at the 4th International Clubfoot Meeting in Istanbul, Turkey and the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in Washington D.C. in 2005.


    Relapse Assessment


    Clubfoot Relapse Surgery (Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT/ATT)

    NOTE: This full text paper shows both still images and video of the ATTT surgery

    Other Relapse Surgery


    Go to the Reviews of Clubfoot Studies page



    Go to the Unilateral and Bilateral Studies page



    Go to the Valgus Overcorrection Studies page


    Valgus Overcorrection


    Go to the Vertical Talus (Congenital) - Congenital Rocker Bottom page



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