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Go to the Searchable - All Clubfoot Research Studies page
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Go to the Dr. Ponseti's Studies page
Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Matthew B Dobbs, Jose A Morcuende Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA Ponseti IV. Late recurrence of clubfoot deformity: a 45-year followup. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA, Ponseti IV Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment. Ponseti IV. The effect of the internet in the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Jose A Morcuende, Martin Egbert, Ignacio V Ponseti The Ponseti technique for correction of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV .(this is a letter to the editor from Dr. Ponseti clarifying how his techniques had been misinterpreted by others in their studies. I can not find a full text of this. If you know of a source, or even have the text saved please share with us!) Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment Ignacio V Ponseti Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: an historical review. Dobbs MB, Morcuende JA Ponseti IV Clubfoot management. Ponseti IV. Correction of the talar neck angle in congenital clubfoot with sequential manipulation and casting I.V. Ponseti Common errors in the treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV Treatment of congenital club foot. Ponseti IV. A radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 -
I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein
Congenital club foot in the human fetus. A histological study Ponseti IV. Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot. Ponseti IV. Observations on pathogenesis and treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV , Campos J.The Classic: Congenital Club Foot: The Results of Treatment Ignacio V. Ponseti, MD Note: This is the paper that was ignored by nearly every Orthopaedic Surgeon world wide for over 35 years
The 30 Year Study (that fueled the parental revolution and was the inspiration for Dr. Ponseti's book, Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment ,
Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method Clubfoot In History Ponseti Method Training
Go to the Achilles Tenotomy Studies page
Well though-out introduction of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy during functional treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Which indications produce the best results? MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy under local anaesthetic in the clubfoot clinic was safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, for both children and parents Effect of Achilles tendon on kinematic coupling relationship between tarsal bones: a pilot finite element study Lengthening of Achilles Tendon from the Percutaneous Tenotomy Procedure in Ponseti’s Method Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Confirmation of Tenotomy Healing at 3 Weeks Using the Ponseti Protocol Early management of clubfoot by the Ponseti method with complete percutaneous tenotomy of tendoachillis A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Extended Ponseti method for failed tenotomy in idiopathic clubfeet: a pilot study Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Percutaneous heel cord release for clubfoot: a retrospective, multicentre cost analysis Frequency of percutaneous achilles tenotomy in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the ponseti method Percutaneous achillotomy in the treatment of congenital clubfoot: should it be performed in the operating theater or the polyclinic? Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Early Results of a New Technique of Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfoot: The Posterior to Anterior Controlled (PAC) Techniques Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up The impact of the early tenotomy of the Achilles tendon on the length and results of the treatment of severe forms of congenital clubfoot A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Experience with Ponseti Protocol and Achilles Tenotomy in the management of Clubfoot at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria Initial Correction Predicts the Need for Secondary Achilles Tendon Procedures in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated With Ponseti Casting A mini-open technique for Achilles tenotomy in infantswith clubfoot Sept 2015 Comparative results of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy to combined open Achilles tenotomy with posterior capsulotomy in the correction of equinus deformity in congenital talipes equinovarus Lateral Tibiocalcaneal Angle As a Determinant for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfeet Reliability of radiographic measures in infants with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study Propofol sedation for infants with idiopathic clubfoot undergoing percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for Tendo-achillis Release in cases of Clubfoot – Technical Note See a video showing the Needle Tenotomy procedure
Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure: safety and efficacy as part of the Ponseti serial casting protocol for clubfoot Multiple tenotomies after Ponseti method for management of severe rigid clubfoot Safety of percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy performed under general anesthesia on infants with idiopathic clubfoot Analytical radiography of clubfoot after tenotomy Predicting the need for tenotomy in the Ponseti method for correction of clubfeet
Botox for tendon lengthening. Using Botox to Treat Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot
Botulinum toxin in treatment of clubfoot relapse - Patent application by Chrinstine Alvarez - status: Abandoned
Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Placebo for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Two-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Early ultrasonographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet treated with manipulations, casts, and Botox®: A double-blind randomized control trial Onabotulinumtoxin A injections: a safety review of children with clubfoot under 2 years of age at BC Children's Hospital Harpreet The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study The Use of Botulinum Type A Toxin in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: 5-year Follow-up Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Utilizing Botulinum A Toxin A New Method and its Short-term Outcomes
Go to the Age When Treatment Begins Studies page
*See the "Neglected Clubfoot" section for papers studying the Ponseti Method for children of walking age, or older.
Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Timing for Ponseti clubfoot management: does the age matter? 90 children (131 feet) with a mean follow-up of 5 years Early application of the Ponseti casting technique for clubfoot correction in sick infants at the neonatal intensive care unit Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) by Ponseti Casting Technique in Neonates: Our Experience Does Clubfoot Treatment Need to Begin As Soon As Possible? Lewis Zionts, Treatment of Clubfoot with the Ponseti Method: Should We Begin Casting in the Newborn Period or Later? Ponseti Method: Does Age at the Beginning of Treatment Make a Difference?
Go to the Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT page
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet Lateral Cuneiform Ossification and Tibialis Anterior Tendon Width in Children Ages 3 to 6: Implications for Interference Screw Fixation of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfers in Children. Lateral Intra-Articular Transposition of the Anterior Tibialis Tendon for the Treatment of Relapsed Clubfoot in Toddlers: A Previously Unreported Surgical Technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Anterior tibial tendon transfer in residual dynamic clubfoot deformity Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet Anterior tibial tendon transfer in relapsing congenital clubfoot: long-term follow-up study of two series treated with a different protocol -
Go to the Biology and Etiology of Clubfoot Studies page
Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Novel contribution to clubfoot pathogenesis: The possible role of extracellular matrix proteins The congenital clubfoot – immunohistological analysis of the extracellular matrix Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes -Matthew B Dobbs
Go to the Bracing Studies page
"The goal of the extensive bracing regime is to prevent recurrence by opposing the deforming forces at the medial ankle–foot joints that persist or reoccur after initial correction of the clubfoot" (Ponseti 2002, Dobbs and Gurnett 2009, Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017).
Bracing Comparisons
Design and evaluation of a unilateral brace for preventing clubfoot relapse: A prospective study The influence of brace type on the success rate of the Ponseti treatment protocol for idiopathic clubfoot A modification of the Ponseti method for clubfoot management: a prospective comparative study The foot external rotation above knee (FERAK) brace versus the Denis Browne brace for management of idiopathic clubfoot following Ponseti casting: a randomized controlled trial Is unilateral lower leg orthosis with acircular foot unit in the treatment ofidiopathic clubfeet a reasonable bracing alternative in the Ponseti method? Five-year results of a supraregional paediatric-orthopaedic centre Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Foot Abduction Brace/Bar (FAB, BnB, Boots & Bar, DBB)
Development of a functional prototype of a SMART (Sensor-integrated for Monitoring And Remote Tracking) foot abduction brace for clubfoot treatment: a pre-clinical evaluation Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: Results of Treatment and Are We Bracing Effectively? Foot abduction brace noncompliance in children with idiopathic clubfoot: how the deep squatting posture might help Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Effect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Perspective Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Bracing in clubfoot: do we know enough? June 2019 - C. AlvesEffect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Open-Source Three-Dimensional Printable Infant Clubfoot Brace Project: The Do-It-Yourself approach and open source solutions applied to all fields of our life (even for research purposes) The foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Is the same brace fit for all? The length of abduction bar in Steenbeek foot abduction brace for Indian children—A pilot study Steenbeek foot abduction brace for clubfoot: Cost-effective but is it effective? A prospective study The Dynamicity of Steenbeek Foot Abduction Brace for Clubfoot in Dorsiflexion and Pronation: A Pilot Study Factors predicting brace noncompliance among idiopathic clubfoot patients treated with the Ponseti method Factors affecting adherence with foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti method Prospective evaluation of the use of Mitchell shoes and dynamic abduction brace for idiopathic clubfeet The Ponseti method of treatment for clubfoot in Brazil: barriers to bracing compliance Orthosis Noncompliance After the Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfeet: A Relevant Problem That Needs Reevaluation Positive Communication Paradigm Decreases Early Recurrence in Clubfoot Treatment ** Elizabeth A Szalay Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Experience With the Mitchell-Ponseti Brace Lewis Zionts, Bracing in the treatment of children with clubfoot: past, present, and future 2010 - Lajja Desai, BSE, Florin Oprescu, MD, PhD, Andrew DiMeo, PhD,* and Jose A Morcuende, MD, PhD Bracing Following Correction of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Dietz, Frederick R. MD Improved bracing compliance in children with clubfeet using a dynamic orthosis. Effect of cultural factors on outcome of Ponseti treatment of clubfeet in rural America ** Szalay EA , Bosch PP, Sweet KR, Schwend RMSedation protocols for Ponseti clubfoot Achilles tenotomy Foot abduction brace in the Ponseti method for idiopathic clubfoot deformity: torsional deformities and compliance A new dynamic foot abduction orthosis for clubfoot treatment. Matthew Dobbs Use of the foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti casts: is it essential? Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet Matthew B Dobbs, Early results of the Ponseti method using the Steenbek foot abduction brace: A prospective study of 95 feet Bracing Time/Length & Compliance
Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in Uganda Use of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in UgandaUse of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Scores in Pediatric Patients With Arthrogryposis Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Design and descriptive data of the randomized Clubfoot Foot Abduction Brace Length of Treatment Study (FAB24) Matthew B Dobbs, Steven L Frick, Vincent S Mosca The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Prolonged use of foot abduction brace reduces the rate of surgery in Ponseti-treated idiopathic club feet A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Reported and Measured Wear Rates in Clubfoot Bracing Using a Novel Pressure Sensor Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism (ADM) ADM prospective studies *This is not a published paper or confirmed study; but it might be ongoing. If you wish to participate see this page and email the study contact. Feasibility of Other Orthosis for Talipes (FOOT) trial
Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)
Go to the Casting Studies page
Conventional Versus Accelerated Ponseti in the Management of Cases of Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Synthetic Cast Material Versus Plaster of Paris for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Protocol: A Comparative Analysis of 136 Feet Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study Treatment for Clubfoot: Stockinette Versus Webril Cast Padding in the Ponseti Method Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method – Parental distress during plaster casting Ponseti casting for clubfoot - fiberglass or plaster casting? A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Proposal of an innovative casting technique for correction of clubfoot according to Ponseti method: a pilot study Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Treatment of Clubfoot With Ponseti Method Using Semirigid Synthetic Softcast Comparison of cast materials for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: a prospective randomized controlled trial Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Ponseti casting A NEW SOFT OPTION Treatment of clubfoot with the Ponseti method: a comparison of casting materials Effect of Cast Removal Timing in the Correction of Idipoathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Jose A Morcuende Ponseti versus traditional methods of casting for idiopathic clubfoot. J Herzenberg Parent satisfaction comparing two bandage materials used during serial casting in infants. Mechanical properties and material characteristics of orthopaedic casting material. Accelerated or "Fast" Casting
Original versus Accelerated Ponseti Techniques in Treatment of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique Accelerated Ponseti method: First experiences in a more convenient technique for patients with severe idiopathic club feet Results of a Standard versus an Accelerated Ponseti Protocol for Clubfoot: A Prospective Randomized Study ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Traditional and accelerated Ponseti technique: a comparative study An accelerated Ponseti versus the standard Ponseti method A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA , Ponseti IV .
Go to the Complex and Atypical Clubfoot Studies page
Management of complex idiopathic clubfoot using modified Ponseti method Outcome of Atypical & Complex Clubfoot Managed by Modified Ponseti Method—A Prospective Study Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review Complex Clubfoot Treatment With Ponseti Method: A Latin American Multicentric Study Clinical outcomes of iatrogenic complex clubfoot treated with modified Ponseti method Using the modied Ponseti method to treat complex clubfoot: early results Challenging clubfeet: The arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot Evaluation of modified Ponseti technique in treatment of complex clubfeet Complex iatrogenic clubfoot: is it a real entity? Treatment of complex idiopathic clubfoot using the modified Ponseti method: up to 11 years follow-up Atypical clubfoot: Early identification and treatment by modification of the standard Ponseti Technique Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Jose A Morcuende Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities
Go to the Clubfoot Score/Assessments and Classifications Studies (Severity) page
Clubfoot Severity Scoring/Classification (initial assessment)
Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? Predictive ability of scoring systems towards casting in treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method in infants Assessment of severity of clubfoot in walking children by combined multiple tools: A new classification system Correlation of age and severity scores to the number of Ponseti casts in Indian infants with clubfeet Clinical examination and classification systems of congenital clubfoot: a narrative review Prediction of Number of Casts and Need of Tenotomy Using Pirani Score in the Management of Clubfoot Dimeglio Score Predicts Treatment Difficulty During Ponseti Casting for Isolated Clubfoot Correlation of scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction in the older child Ponseti Method of Correction of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Deformity Under Two Year of Age Using Dimeglio Scoring System Are scoring systems useful for predicting results of treatment for clubfoot using the ponseti method? Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Interobserver Reliability of Pirani Clubfoot Severity Scoring between an Orthopedic Surgeon, a Resident Doctor, and a Nonmedical Counsellor at a Clubfoot Clinic Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method The Role of Pirani Scoring in Predicting the Frequency of Casting and the Need for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Comparison of Dimeglio and Pirani score in predicting number of casts and need for tenotomy in clubfoot correction using the Ponseti method Developing a Three-Dimensional (3D) Assessment Method for Clubfoot—A Study Protocol Classification Systems to Evaluate the Clubfoot and Their Potential Use to Predict the Course and the Results of the Ponseti Method Treatment Significance Of Pirani Score at Bracing-Implications for Recognizing A Corrected Clubfoot The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Different Levels of Deformity Severity The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Diferent Levels of Deformity Severity Use of the Pirani score in monitoring progression of correction and in guiding indications for tenotomy in the Ponseti method: Are we comingto the same decisions? Correlation of Pirani score and Foot bimalleolar angle in the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus by Ponseti method in infants The Pirani Scoring System is Effective in Assessing Severity and Monitoring Treatment of Clubfeet in Children The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Interobserver reliability in Pirani clubfoot severity scoring between a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon and a physiotherapy assistant Clubfoot: The Treatment Outcome Using Quantitative Assessment of Deformity Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Clubfoot classification: correlation with Ponseti cast treatment A Reliable and Valid Method of Assessing the Amount of Deformity in the Congenital Clubfoot Deformity S. Pirani, The role of the Pirani scoring system in the management of club foot by the Ponseti method The classification of congenital talipes equinovarus A method of evaluating the virgin clubfoot with substantial inter-observer reliability. Presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Annual Meeting 1995, Miami, Florida ,An independent assessment of two clubfoot-classification systems Classification of clubfoot Diméglio A Ultrasound Assessment of Clubfoot Severity
Assessment of the severity of club foot in neonates treated by the ponseti method in correlation with ultrasonography and foot bimalleolar angle Radiography and sonography of clubfoot: A comparative study The Role of Ultrasound in Clubfoot Treatment: Correlation with the Pirani Score and Assessment of the Ponseti Method Ultrasound evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment: a preliminary report Clubfoot Assessment (after treatment)
Remote monitoring of clubfoot treatment with digital photographs in low resource settings: Is it accurate? The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot Evaluation of a simple tool to assess the results of Ponseti treatment for use by clubfoot therapists: a diagnostic accuracy study The Bangla clubfoot tool: A repeatability study
Go to the Delayed Presenting Clubfoot - DPC (Neglected & Untreated) Clubfoot Studies page
**Clubfoot is often left untreated in some underdeveloped nations and it can take some years to begin treatment. Usually patients are over 6 months to a year old, but often they are much older.
Soft Tissue Release for Neglected Clubfoot: One-year Clinical Outcome An analysis of treatment outcome following classical Ponseti technique in older children with clubfoot – A concept stretched too far? Neglected clubfoot treated by serial casting: a narrative review on how possibility takes over disability Changes in the Foot After Two Years of Deformity Correction in Neglected Clubfeet Treated With Modified Ponseti Technique Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Successfully Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Case Report of an Adult Patient who Started Treatment at 26 Years of Age Correction of the Neglected Clubfoot in the Adolescent and Adult Patient Successful Treatment of Neglected Clubfeet in 10 Cases Using Ponseti Method, with Outcomes after 8 Years Ponseti Method After Walking Age - A Multi-Centric Study of 429 Feet: Results, Possible Treatment Modifications and Outcomes According to Age Groups - Project: THE PONSETI METHOD IN NEGLECTED CLUBFOOT Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Results of Modified Ponseti Technique in Difficult Clubfoot and a review of literature The Ponseti method of clubfoot treatment in walking age children: is it effective? A study of 56 children from 1 to 10 years of age Modified Ponseti technique for management of neglected clubfeet Result of Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Technique: A Case Study of Zero Clubfoot Project in Bangladesh NOTE: This paper follows a 24 year old untreated/neglected university student treated with Ponseti Method
Outcomes of the Ponseti Method for Untreated Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients Seen Between the Ages of One and Five Years and Followed for at Least 10 Years Evaluation of Ponseti method in neglected clubfoot Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique in Children Presenting After One Year of Age The Ponseti method in the treatment of children with idiopathic clubfoot presenting between five and ten years of age Can Selective Soft Tissue Release and Cuboid Osteotomy Correct Neglected Clubfoot? Management of idiopathic clubfoot in toddlers by Ponseti's method Ponseti's manipulation in neglected clubfoot in children more than 7 years of age: A prospective evaluation of 25 feet with long-term follow-up Ponseti Method for Untreated Idiopathic Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients From 1 to 6 Years of Age Correction of neglected idiopathic club foot by the Ponseti method Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities The Neglected Clubfoot Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame
Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method
Go to the Development & Motor Skills Studies page
Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, Foot Involvement, Gait, and Foot Motion Does idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus have an impact on attainment of developmental milestones? A multicentre international study Gross Motor Function at 10 Years of Age in Children With Clubfoot Following the French Physical Therapy Method and the Ponseti Technique Clubfoot Does Not Impair Gross Motor Development in 5-Year-Olds Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, FootInvolvement, Gait, and Foot Motion A Longitudinal Review of Gait Following Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: Gait Analysis at 2 and 5 Years of Age The Relationship Between Gait, Gross Motor Function, and Parental Perceived Outcome in Children With Clubfeet Walking Age of Infants with Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Athletic Ability of School-Age Children After Satisfactory Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot Achievement of gross motor milestones in children with idiopathic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method
Go to the External Frame Studies page
Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame
The use of external fixation for the correction of recurrent clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method
Go to the False Positives or Missed Positives for Clubfoot on Ultrasound page
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes Prenatal detection and postnatal outcome of congenital talipes equinovarus in 106 fetuses Outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot
Go to the Flat Top Talus Studies page
Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I Riccio
Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I RiccioFlat Top Talus in the Bot Foot Congenital Idiopathic Equine Varus Keywords: Flat top talus-Equine idiopathic clubfoot varus-Tenotomy Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies Functional Implications of the Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Assessment of Talar Flattening in Adult Idiopathic Clubfoot Idiopathic Flat-top Talus J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002When does the flat-top talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging at three months of age Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet Talar Deformity & Flattening Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review
Go to the Foot Bones (Talus) Studies page
Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome
Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I RiccioFlat Top Talus in the Bot Foot Congenital Idiopathic Equine Varus Keywords: Flat top talus-Equine idiopathic clubfoot varus-Tenotomy Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies Functional Implications of the Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Assessment of Talar Flattening in Adult Idiopathic Clubfoot Idiopathic Flat-top Talus J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002When does the flat-top talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging at three months of age Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet Talar Deformity & Flattening
Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review
Go to the Foot Length & Calf Muscle Discrepancy Studies page
Development of foot length in children with congenital clubfoot up to 7 years of age: a prospective follow-up study Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Anthropometric measurements in Ponseti treated clubfeet Calf Circumference Discrepancies in Patients With Unilateral Clubfoot Ponseti Versus Surgical Release Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot
Go to the Gait Studies page
Kinematic Gait Impairments in Children with Clubfeet Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children Forefoot adduction and forefoot supination as kinematic indicators of relapse clubfoot This is a narrative review of the functional evaluation of clubfoot treatment with gait analysis Foot function during gait and parental perceived outcome in older children with symptomatic club foot deformity Gait kinetics in children with clubfeet treated surgically or with the Ponseti method: A meta-analysis Gait in 5-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot: A cohort study of 59 children, focusing on foot involvement and the contralateral foot Results of Gait Analysis Including the Oxford Foot Model in Children with Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Gait analysis after initial nonoperative treatment for clubfeet: intermediate term followup at age 5 Lower extremity characteristics in recurrent clubfoot: Clinical and gait analysis findings that may influence decisions for additional surgery Gait analysis and muscle strength in children with surgically treated clubfeet Evaluation of Residual Clubfoot Deformities Using Gait Analysis Cause of Toe-in Gait After Posteromedial Release for Congenital Clubfoot Gait Analysis in Surgically Treated Clubfoot
Go to the General Clubfoot Studies & Ponseti vs Surgery Studies page
Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method
Clubfoot In History
Ponseti Method Training
General, Non-Specific, & Ponseti vs Surgery Clubfoot Research and Articles
Baskar, Danika, Pooya Hosseinzadeh, Vincent Mosca, et al. “Dynamic Supination in Congenital Clubfoot: A Modified Delphi Panel Approach to Standardizing Definitions and Indications for Treatment.” Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 42, no. 5 (2022): e459–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002119.
Pearls to Address Challenges in Initial Casting Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot Author links open overlay panel
Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Technique: Our Experience Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes A Prospective Study on Functional Outcomes of Serial Cast Correction in Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) by Ponseti Method Determining the Optimal Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot General information Publication type Journal Article Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clubfoot program at tertiary care institute Clubfoot treatment in China before and after the advent of the Ponseti technique: a historical narrative review Clubfoot in children: An overview Evaluation of effectiveness of Ponseti's method in the clubfoot management under 1-year children: a prospective study The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV) Quantification of Ankle Dorsiflexion in Ponseti-managed Unilateral Clubfoot Patients During Early Childhood Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells:a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method—parental distress during plaster casting What a paediatrician (pediatrician) should know about congenital clubfoot Adherence to the Ponseti method by family members as a determinant in the success of club foot treatment A polyaxial fixation brace for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in newborns NOTE: this is not a brace for maintaining a corrected clubfoot. This is experimental for corrections. A Modified Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Rigid Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Additional challenges in children with idiopathic clubfoot: is it just the foot? Role of Talectomy in Severe Resistant Clubfoot in Children Clubfoot treatment in 2015: A global perspective An Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of the Ponseti Method in Clubfoot Treatment Idiopathic clubfoot treated by Ponseti method: a series of 300 cases Ponseti method is superior to surgical treatment in clubfoot - Long-term, randomized, prospective trial Evaluation of outcome of treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by ponseti technique of manipulation and serial plaster casting Guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of primary idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Dietz, Frederick R The use of electric stimulation in treating clubfoot in newborn infants Comparison of the Ponseti method versus early tibialis anterior tendon transfer for idiopathic clubfoot: A prospective randomized study Role of Foot Abduction and Heel Angle in Equinus Correction in Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Pilot Study The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Feasibility and barriers of treating clubfeet in four countries Ponseti Casting for Severe Club Foot Deformity: Are Clinical Outcomes Promising? The effect of a dedicated Ponseti service on the outcome of idiopathic clubfoot treatment Congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus: an evaluation in infants treated by the Ponseti method Comparison of the short-term and long-termresults of the Ponseti method in the treatmentof idiopathic pes equinovarus Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende Descriptive Epidemiology of Idiopathic Clubfoot The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique of Manipulation and Serial Plaster Casting and Its Critical Evaluation The Current Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Revisited Results of a Survey of the POSNA Membership Zionts, Lewis E. MD Morcuende, Jose A. MD Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus A comprehensive outcome comparison of surgical and Ponseti clubfoot treatments with reference to pediatric norms John E. Herzenberg, Mid-term Results of Ponseti Method for the treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot - (A Study of 67 Clubfeet with Mean Five Year Follow-Up) Ponseti method compared with surgical treatment of clubfoot: a prospective comparison Has the rate of extensive surgery to treat idiopathic clubfoot declined in the United States? Zionts LE Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Update on Clubfoot: Etiology and Treatment Matthew B. Dobbs Ponseti management of clubfoot in older infants John E Herzenberg Steven L Frick Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Prevention of Late Deformity and Disability by Conservative Treatment With the Ponseti Technique Jose A Morcuende Treatment of idiopathic club foot using the Ponseti method: Initial experience Early experience with the Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Radical reduction in the rate of extensive corrective surgery for clubfoot using the Ponseti method. Morcuende JA , Dolan LA, Dietz FR, Ponseti IV . Nonsurgical Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Evaluation of the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by using the Ponseti method.. .Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet. Dobbs MB Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. Talipes equinovarus and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Washington state Clubfoot: what have we learned in the last quarter century?
Go to the Genetics Studies, Hereditary & Other Risk Factors with Associated Clubfoot page
Association Between TPM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Risk in a Chinese Population Co-occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub-Saharan African cohort: Whole-exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes Analysis OF C677T polymorphism in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene as a risk factor for congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Clubfoot deformity in the Solomon Islands: Melanesian versus Polynesian ethnicity, a retrospective cohort study Evaluation of genetic susceptibility of common variants in SOX9 in patients with congenital talipes equinovarus in the Han Chinese population Rare and de novo duplications containing SHOX in clubfoot Whole‑exome sequencing study identifies two novel rare variations associated with congenital talipes equinovarus Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot The genetics of isolated and syndromic clubfoot Dobbs MB Expanded Age Indication for Ponseti Method for Correction of Congenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus: A Systematic Review The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Genetics of clubfoot; recent progress and future perspectives Functional Assessment of Clubfoot Associated HOXA9, TPM1, and TPM2 Variants Suggests a Potential Gene Regulation Mechanism. A systematic review of association studies of common variants associated with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) in humans in the past 30 years Three novel missense mutations in the filamin B gene are associated with isolated congenital talipes equinovarus Etiopathogenesis of equinovarus foot malformations Genome-wide association study identifies new disease loci for isolated clubfoot Matthew B Dobbs , Christina A GurnettConsanguineous marriage and increased risk of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a case-control study in a rural area Copy number analysis of 413 isolated talipes equinovarus patients suggests role for transcriptional regulators of early limb development Steven L Frick, John E Herzenberg, Matthew B Dobbs SOX9 overexpression plays a potential role in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Possible role of GLI3 gene in the pathogenesis of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Pitx1 haploinsufficiency causes clubfoot in humans and a clubfoot-like phenotype in mice Matthew B. Dobbs , and Christina A. GurnettCongenital talipes equinovarus--family occurrence Parental consanguinity and associated factors in congenital talipes equinovarus Familial Isolated Clubfoot Is Associated with Recurrent Chromosome 17q23.1q23.2 Microduplications Containing TBX Matthew B. Dobbs , and Christina A. GurnettCongenital talipes equinovarus in Papua New Guinea: a difficult yet potentially manageable situation Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Apoptotic gene analysis in idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) NAT2 variation and idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Pedigree analysis and epidemiological features of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in the United Kingdom: a case-control study Association and mutation analysis of GLI3 gene in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Variation in CASP10 gene is associated with idiopathic talipes equinovarus Analysis of association between 5' HOXD gene and idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Genetics of club foot in Maori and Pacific people Epidemiology and genetic theories in the etiology of congenital talipes equinovarus Congenital talipes in Malaysian neonates: incidence, pattern and associated factors Associated Risk Factors (potential)
Association between maternal age at conception and risk of idiopathic clubfoot Smoking, the xenobiotic pathway, and clubfoot Maternal smoking and the risk for clubfoot in infants Family history, maternal smoking, and clubfoot: an indication of a gene-environment interaction
Go to the Hip Dysplasia Clubfoot Studies page
This website has comprehensive information about hip ultrasound results. Radiology Assistant
Routine ultrasound screening for hip dysplasia in children with clubfoot is not supported
Is foot deformity associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip? The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in idiopathic clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis Is congenital talipes equinovarus a risk factor for pathological dysplasia of the hip? Is it worthwhile to routinely ultrasound screen children with idiopathic clubfoot for hip dysplasia? Prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children with clubfoot Is it worthwhile to screen the hip in infants born with clubfeet? The association between clubfoot and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Clubfoot and Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Value of Screening Hip Radiographs in Children With Clubfoot
Go to the HyperMobility/HyperFlexibility Studies page
Does generalized joint hypermobility influence the Ponseti treatment of clubfoot patients? Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus
Go to the Locale Specific Studies page
Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Technique: Our Experience Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Epidemiology of clubfoot in Sweden from 2016 to 2019: A national register study A survey on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) managed by the Ponseti technique at Mulago Hospital - Uganda A Community Audit of 300 "Drop-Out" Instances in Children Undergoing Ponseti Clubfoot Care in Bangladesh-What Do the Parents Say? Evaluation of the Outcomes of Ponseti Method in the Treatment of Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Deformity in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan: A Descriptive Study Clinical, Radiological, Pedobarographic, and Quality of Life Outcomes of the Ponseti Treatment for Clubfoot: A Prospective Study from Iran Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Method: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Five Year Experience Ponseti Method in Brazil,: First Ten Years of a Clubfoot Website - Users Profile Talipes equinovarus or Clubfoot: A review of study approaches, management and trends in Pakistan The role of clubfoot training programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review Congenital clubfoot in Europe: A population-based study Clinical outcomes and risk-factor analysis of the Ponseti Method in a low-resource setting: Clubfoot care in Haiti Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Ponseti Technique for the Management of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in a Rural Set-Up in India: Experience of 356 Patients Walk for life - the National Clubfoot Project of Bangladesh: the four-year outcomes of 150 congenital clubfoot cases following Ponseti method Descriptive epidemiology and predisposing factors to idiopathic talipes equinovarus in South South Nigeria - A cross-sectional study investigating impressions and opinions of medical rehabilitation professionals on the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treatment of clubfoot in Harare, Zimbabwe The impact of the Ponseti treatment method on parents and caregivers of children with clubfoot: a comparison of two urban populations in Europe and Africa Ponseti method compared to previous treatment of clubfoot in Norway. A multicenter study of 205 children followed for 8–11 years Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation The Bangladesh clubfoot project: audit of 2-year outcomes of Ponseti treatment in 400 children Brazil - Treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method: ten years of experience Towards effective Ponseti clubfoot care: the Uganda Sustainable Clubfoot Care Project Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population - Results of manipulation of idiopathic clubfoot deformity in Malawi by orthopaedic clinical officers using the Ponseti method: a realistic alternative for the developing world?
Go to the Long-Term Follow Up Studies page
Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.
Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes Successful Ponseti-treated Clubfeet at Age 2 Years: What Is the Rate of Surgical Intervention After This? A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? Comparison of ponseti method versus surgical treatment in congenital idiopathic clubfoot: A 5-year follow up study Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse Does the Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Stand Up to the March of Time? Commentary on an article by Lewis E. Zionts, MD, et al.: “Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse” - Letts, R. Mervyn MD, MSc, FRCSCa
Functional Outcomes Following Treatment for Clubfoot: Ten-Year Follow-up December 2018 - Kelly A Jeans, Lori A. Karol, Ashley L. Erdman, Wilshaw StevensThe Ponseti Method Decreased the Surgical Incidence in Children with Congenital Clubfoot A Population-Based, 8 Birth-Year Cohort Study Plantar Pressures After Nonoperative Treatment for Clubfoot: Intermediate Follow-up at Age 5 Years Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus (3 year old limit on conservative approaches, this study's results should be considered suspect and an outlier) Ponseti treatment for idiopathic clubfoot: minimum 5-year followup John E Herzenberg Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: Minimum 2-year follow-up. Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note.
Go to the Non-Idiopathic Studies (Syndromic) & Clubfoot Associated (Neuro, Genetic, etc.) page
Click into the heading below for more information from this paper
The following is a listing of non-idiopathic conditions from the sample of participants from the above research paper. All the patients were treated at Shriners St. Louis by Dr. Matthew Dobbs.
This is not an exhaustive list of associated or concurrent conditions , however it may help you understand the incidence of each listed condition in a sample of 84 total participants with an additional condition other than clubfoot. Please see the Discussion portion of the study linked above for more detailed information on rates seen in studies from global samples published before 2008. Rates for idiopathic vs non-idiopathic have been identified in other research since this paper was published and the general consensus at the time of this writing is that about 20% of clubfoot is non-idiopathic.
Etiologies of non-idiopathic CTEV (additional malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes)
Central nervous system, n (%) 12/84 (14)
Dandy Walker 2
Spinal cord, n (%) 19/84 (23)
Muscle, n (%) 15/84 (18)
Chromosomal abnormality, n (%) 10/84 (12)
Known genetic syndromes, n (%) 5/84 (6)
Costello syndrome 1
Probable genetic syndrome, n (%) 19/84 (23) Orthopedic n (%) (fibular hemimelia, polydactyly, hip dysplasia, ulnar longitudinal deficiency) 6/84 (7) Multiple congenital anomaly 13/84 (15) Amniotic band sequence, n (%) 4/84 (5)
Non-idiopathic Clubfeet: A Current Concepts Review Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot . The Ponseti method of treatment for neuromuscular and syndromic (non-idiopathic) clubfeet: evaluation of a programme-based approach at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years January 2021 - Avi Shah, Alaric Aroojis, Rujuta MehtaClubfoot Infants Initially Thought to be Idiopathic, But Later Found Not to Be. How do They do With Nonoperative Treatment? Neurodevelopmental difficulties negatively affect health‐related quality of life in children with idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of syndrome-associated congenital talipes equinovarus using the Ponseti method: 4-12 years of follow-up A single-center prospective evaluation of the Ponseti method in nonidiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Arthrogryposis
Midterm clinical and radiological outcomes of arthrogryposis-associated clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method: a retrospective observational study and comprehensive literature review Multiple Serial Casting for Recurrent Clubfoot in Arthrogryposis Corrects Deformity With Diminishing Returns The Effectiveness of Serial Casting in the Treatment of Recurrent Equinovarus in Children With Arthrogryposis The 5-Year Outcome of the Ponseti Method in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and Arthrogryposis Nichols, Louise R. MD Challenging clubfeet: the arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot The effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis: up to 8 years follow-up Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame Correction of arthrogrypotic clubfoot with a modified Ponseti technique Harold J P van Bosse Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot in distal arthrogryposis Stephanie Boehm Marc F Sinclair, Matthew B Dobbs Myelomeningocele
Osteomyelitis Secondary to Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfoot Associated with Meningomyelocele Effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele: 3-9 years follow-up Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele Matthew B Dobbs Spina Bifida Tethered Cord
Analysis of the efficacy of the Ponseti method for treatment of secondary clubfoot in young children with tethered cord syndrome Clubfoot and Tethered Cord Syndrome: Results of Treatment With the Ponseti Method Georgopoulos, Gaia MD Amniotic Band Syndrome
Club Foot with Contralateral Congenital Amniotic Band Syndrome Amputation Successfully Treated with Ponseti Method: Case Report Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Bujar Shabani, Dafina Bytyqi, Cen BytyqiThe Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfeet Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome: A Single Institution 20-Year Experience Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Importance of operative intervention in the treatment of clubfoot associated with congenital constriction Band syndrome The Effectiveness of the Ponseti Method for Treating Clubfoot Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome The Use of the Ponseti Method to Treat Clubfeet Associated With Congenital Annular Band Syndrome Zionts, Lewis E. MD Resistant talipes equinovarus associated with congenital constriction band syndrome Polydactyly
Congenital Left Foot Polydactyly in Corrected Case of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus of Left Foot Idiopathic talipes equinovarus with preaxial polydactyly of the foot: a case report Clubfoot associated with preaxial polydactyly Clubfoot, Congenital, with or without Deficiency of Long Bones and/or Mirror-Image Polydactyly; CCF Developmental Hip Dysplasia, Congenital Muscular Torticollis See the Hip Dysplasia & Clubfoot Studies
Why? - According to all but one paper listed at the link above, Developmental Hip Dysplasia (DDH) is not at any higher risk with clubfoot. Standard clinical exams (normal exam the pediatrician does to check the hips) are sufficient for any screening for DDH, and routine ultrasound screening is not considered warranted or cost effective.
Other specific disorders or conditions
Saul-Wilson Syndrome
Go to the Other Non-Surgical Methods Studies page
Multi-Method Comparisons French Functional
This is a narrative review of the functional evaluation of clubfoot treatment with gait analysis 20 years of functional treatment for clubfoot advantages and limitations compared with the Ponseti method March 2021 - Elbaum, Roberta; Noel, Brigitteb; Degueldre, Vincentb; Hallez, Mariec; Filloque, Erellec; Guerin, Virginied; Duvivier, Amandined The functional method: experience from the Robert Debré Hospital Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method The hybrid method for the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Preliminary results on 92 consecutive feet Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study Long-term Results of Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot in 187 Feet Long-term results of treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot in 187 feet: outcome of the functional "French" method, if necessary completed by soft-tissue release The French functional physical therapy method for the treatment of congenital clubfoot A Comparison of Two Nonoperative Methods of Idiopathic Clubfoot Correction: The Ponseti Method and the French Functional (Physiotherapy) Method Nonoperative clubfoot treatment using the French physical therapy method Functional treatment of clubfoot: a new series of 350 idiopathic clubfeet with long-term follow-up Results of physical therapy for idiopathic clubfoot: a long-term follow-up study Copenhagen Ram's Taping Kite
Assessment of Efficacy of Ponseti and Kite’s Method of Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Comparative Study Evaluation of Kite and Ponseti methods in the treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for congenital Talipes Equino using the Pirani scoring system Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. Conservative Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Kite versus Ponseti Method Nonoperative Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot
Use of Ponseti's technique in recurrent clubfeet following Kite's method of correction Others
Go to the Other Talipes Types - Vertical Talus (Rocker Bottom), Calcaneovalgus, Calcaneovarus, Etc. page
Congenital Vertical Talus Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method Congenital Vertical Talus Prenatal congenital vertical talus (rocker bottom foot): a marker for multisystem anomalies Congenital Vertical Talus Etiology and Management The talar axis-first metatarsal base angle in CVT treatment: a comparison of idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases treated with the Dobbs method Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Single stage surgical correction of congenital vertical talus by complete subtalar release and peritalar reduction by using the Cincinnati incision
Go to the Physical Abilities & Sport Studies page
Sport Ability during Walking Age in Clubfoot-Affected Children after Ponseti Method: A Case-Series Study Walking capacity of children with clubfeet in primary school: Something to worry about?
Go to the Physiotherapy Studies (PT) page
The effectiveness of three-phase physiotherapy program in children with clubfoot after Ponseti treatment Congenital clubfoot: Ponseti method and its applicability by the physical therapist Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Early results of a physiotherapist-delivered Ponseti service for the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus foot deformity
Go to the Relapse & Recurrent Clubfoot Studies page
Early clubfoot recurrence can lead to more frequent and earlier second recurrences Conclusion: This study suggests that early clubfoot recurrence leads to more frequent subsequent recurrence and earlier second recurrence. Patients with early recurrence had comparatively lower outcome scores, primarily due to multiple recurrences. Care providers could use this knowledge to educate parents about the natural history of recurrent clubfeet and emphasize the importance of brace compliance and routine monitoring.
Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Increased Collagen Crosslinking in Stiff Clubfoot Tissue: Implications for the Improvement of Therapeutic Strategies Updates in the Surgical Management of Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity: a Scoping Review Prognostic factors for recurrent idiopathic clubfoot deformity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: To understand what Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition is, this article from Dr. Vincent Mosca has a video showing the surgery to remove the tissue between the tarsal bones in a child who does not have clubfoot. Talocalcaneal coalition resection
Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Relapse Pattern in Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique -A Prospective Observational Study from Kerala, India Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the, number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? NOTE: This paper discusses relapse as associated with Pirani and Dimeglio scores
Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot- derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study Can Repeated Ponseti Management for Relapsed Clubfeet Produce the Outcome Comparable With the Case Without Relapse? A Clinical Study in Term of Gait Analysis Factors Affecting Parents to ‘Drop-Out’ from Ponseti Method and Children’s Clubfoot Relapse Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Poor Evertor Muscle Activity Is a Predictor of Recurrence in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Prospective Longitudinal Study With a 5-Year Follow-up. The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot NOTE: This paper shows awesome images of what relapse looks like.
Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time A Systematic Review Zionts, Lewis E. MD Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Efficacy of Ponseti Technique in Virgin and Relapsed Clubfeet: A Comparative Study Casting Is Effective for Recurrence Following Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot Identification and treatment of residual and relapsed idiopathic clubfoot in 88 children Relapse following use of Ponseti method in idiopathic clubfoot Clubfoot relapse: does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse? Functional outcome of tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy for treatment of congenital talipes equino varus in children older than two years The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Management of clubfoot relapses with the Ponseti method: results of a survey of the POSNA members Morcuende J. Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Lewis E. Zionts, MD Classification of relapse pattern in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique Treatment Results of Late-relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Previously Treated With the Ponseti Method Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Gastrocsoleus fascial release for correction of equinus deformity in residual or relapsed clubfoot Relapsing and residual clubfoot deformities after the application of the Ponseti method: a contemporary review. Relapse of clubfoot after treatment with the Ponseti method and the function of the foot abduction orthosis Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot Matthew B. Dobbs, MD Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot What Proportion of Patients Need Extensive Surgery After Failure of the Ponseti Technique for Clubfoot? Treatment of Clubfoot With the Ponseti Method A Comparison of Casting Materials Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population.
Abstract entitled "Clubfoot Relapses: Natural History and the Effects of Foot Hyperabduction" Ignacio Ponseti, M.D., and Jose A. Morcuende M.D., Ph.D
This information was initially presented at the 4th International Clubfoot Meeting in Istanbul, Turkey and the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in Washington D.C. in 2005.
Relapse Assessment Clubfoot Relapse Surgery (Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT/ATT)
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Normalization of Forefoot Supination After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Dynamic Clubfoot Recurrence How Many Patients Who Have a Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method are Likely to Undergo a Tendon Transfer? Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Jose A. Morcuende, MD, PhD
NOTE: This full text paper shows both still images and video of the ATTT surgery
How Do Different Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer Techniques Influence Forefoot and Hindfoot Motion? Factors Predictive of Second Recurrence in Clubfeet Treated by Ponseti Casting Long-Term Results of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsed Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method A Follow-up of Thirty-seven to Fifty-five Years Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Plantar Pressures Following Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfers in Children With Clubfoot Nerve Structures at Risk in the Plantar Side of the Foot During Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer A Cadaver Study Herzenberg, John E. MD, FRCSC2 Relapse After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method Morcuende, José A. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet. Other Relapse Surgery
Go to the Reviews of Clubfoot Studies page
Editor Note: This literature review shows improper casts.
What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review Unilateral limb orthosis for maintenance of deformity correction following treatment of clubfoot with Ponseti technique: a systematic review Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review Idiopathic clubfoot treatment and heterogeneity of current therapeutic strategies: The Ponseti method versus the French functional method (a systematic review) A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Congenital talipes equinovarus a systematic review of relapse as a primary outcome of the Ponseti method Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time: A Systematic Review The Ponseti method in children with clubfoot after walking age – Systematic review and metanalysis of observational studies The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Systematic review and meta-analysis of global birth prevalence of clubfoot: a study protocol Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Birth prevalence of congenital talipes equinovarus in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Results of clubfoot management using the Ponseti method: do the details matter? A systematic review The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations
Go to the Rocker Bottom Deformity Studies page
Pearls to Address Challenges in Initial Casting Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot Author links open overlay panel Management of rocker-bottom deformity during Ponseti treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot The incidence and treatment of rocker bottom deformity as a complication of the conservative treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot
Go to the Scans/Imaging Studies & Articles (Ultrasound, X-Ray, MRI, CT - Mother or Child) page
Prenatal Diagnosis of Clubfoot: Where Are We Now? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes Correlation of radiographic parameters with clinical correction in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus undergoing Ponseti treatment Sonoelastographic Findings in Clubfeet Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique "3D Digitization technique for the Assessment of clubfoot deformity in new born baby"- A Review Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Early Radiographic Changes in the Lateral Talocalcaneal Angle Following Achilles Tenotomy in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Assessment of the ankle joint in clubfeet and normal feet to the age of four years by ultrasonography Residual Equinus After the Ponseti Method: An MRI-based 3-Dimensional Analysis Radiological Assessment of Idiopathic Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique Radiographic Prognostic Factors for Selective Soft Tissue Release After Ponseti Failure in Young Pediatric Clubfoot Patients The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up Ponseti Casting Method in Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot and Its Correlation with Radiographic Features Abstract Nonoperatively Corrected Clubfoot at Age 2 Years: Radiographs Are Not Helpful in Predicting Future Relapse Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Can Radiographs Predict Outcome in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet Treated With the Ponseti Method? Radiographic Indicators of Surgery and Functional Outcome in Ponseti-Treated Clubfeet The Effect of Clinical, Radiographic and Functional Scores on the Total Score in the Evaluation of Congenital Clubfoot Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot Correlation between clinical outcome of surgically treated clubfeet and different radiological parameters Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Radiographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet undergoing Ponseti treatment Assessment of talus deformity by three-dimensional MRI in congenital clubfoot February The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot. CT study at maturity. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the congenital clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method. Pirani S , Zeznik L, Hodges DA radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 - I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein
Go to the Study Standards Papers page
Outcome Measures in Clubfoot Development of a core outcome set for idiopathic clubfoot management a study protoco
Go to the Surgical Correction for Clubfoot Studies page
**Studies associated with initial surgical correction - Non-Ponseti Method. Some are quite old, Some do not have text at all. Full texts can usually be specifically requested.
The following link is a PDF file of a "book" compilation of many studies and papers describing mostly surgical methods and treatments for clubfoot up until the time of it's writing in 1993. There is a small section near the end discussing "conservative" treatments but does not mention any non-surgical methods by name. Dr. Ponseti is referenced 20 times, only in citations for his papers. If you want to find out more about your specific surgical method, chances are there are pictures and descriptions of it within this large document.
This document is 27MB in size and downloads as a PDF to your device by default. If you would like to load a 16mb file inline and view it in your browser without downloading the file, use this link . Due to it's size, it will first throw an error in your browser, but if you are patient it will eventually load.
Surgical management of clubfoot overcorrection: a case series NOTE: The above paper looked at older feet (18y+) treated with surgical correction.
Soft Tissue Release for Neglected Clubfoot: One-year Clinical Outcome Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: To understand what Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition is, this article from Dr. Vincent Mosca has a video showing the surgery to remove the tissue between the tarsal bones in a child who does not have clubfoot. Talocalcaneal coalition resection
A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot
Evidence Favors Ponseti Management of Clubfoot A Commen tary on an article by James A.F. Recordon, MBCHB, et al.: “A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot” -
Kuo, Ken N. MD, Smith, Peter A. MD Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot Outcomes of Naviculectomy for Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity Plantar Pressures Following Surgical Release in Children With Clubfoot: Comparison of Posterior Release, Posteromedial Release, and Nonoperative Correction Correction of Recurrent Equinus Deformity in Surgically Treated Clubfeet by Anterior Distal Tibial Hemiepiphysiodesis Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Late Effects of Clubfoot Deformity in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Whose Initial Treatment Was an Extensive Soft-tissue Release: Topic Review and Clinical Case Series Dobbs, Matthew B. MD A comparative study of pedobarography and ankle kinematics between children with idiopathic clubfoot after a soft tissue release procedure and controls A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? Does an overcorrected clubfoot caused by surgery or by the Ponseti method behave differently? Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Growth Disturbance of the Distal Tibia in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet: Ankle Valgus and Anteflexion of the Distal Tibia Ponseti Treatment of Rigid Residual Deformity in Congenital Clubfoot After Walking Age Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity in the Adult Patient NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
Lateral Intra-Articular Transposition of the Anterior Tibialis Tendon for the Treatment of Relapsed Clubfoot in Toddlers: A Previously Unreported Surgical Technique Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende, The Overcorrected Clubfoot in the Adult: Evaluation and Management NOTE: The above paper looks at various "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This is not that.
Surgical Treatment of Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity NOTE: The above paper details a surgical approach to treatment for valgus overcorrection in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's.
Can Selective Soft Tissue Release and Cuboid Osteotomy Correct Neglected Clubfoot? Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy Hind-foot correction and stabilization by pins in plaster after surgical release of talipes equino varus feet in older children Is it Possible to Treat Recurrent Clubfoot with the Ponseti Technique After Posteromedial Release?: A Preliminary Study The 12-in-1 procedure for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Use of the Ponseti method for recurrent clubfoot following posteromedial release Matthew B Dobbs Comparison of long-term results between muscle-strength balancing procedure and Mckay procedure in treating congenital clubfoot Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Dorsal bunion after clubfoot surgery: outcome of reverse Jones procedure Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Clinical and Radiographic Features of Operatively Treated Stiff Clubfeet after Skeletal Maturity: Etiology of the Deformities and How to Prevent Them Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus Correcting residual deformity following clubfoot releases Patient-based outcomes following clubfoot surgery: a 16-year follow-up study Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot Long-term comparative results in patients with congenital clubfoot treated with two different protocols - July 2003 - Ippolito E, Farsetti P, Caterini R, Tudisco C.J Bone.Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Gait analysis and muscle strength in children with surgically treated clubfeet Orthopaedic treatment and passive motion machine: consequences for the surgical treatment of clubfoot - January 1996 - Diméglio A Cause of Toe-in Gait After Posteromedial Release for Congenital Clubfoot Deformity and disability from treated clubfoot Reoperation in treatment of clubfoot Gait Analysis in Surgically Treated Clubfoot
Go to the Unilateral and Bilateral Studies page
Does Laterality of Deformity Influence the Severity of the Idiopathic Clubfoot? Are bilateral idiopathic clubfeet more severe than unilateral feet? A severity and treatment analysis The contralateral foot in children with unilateral clubfoot: a study of pressures and forces involved in gait.
Go to the Valgus Overcorrection Studies page
Valgus Overcorrection NOTE: The above paper looked at older feet (18y+) treated with surgical correction.
The Overcorrected Clubfoot in Children
Pain and overcorrection in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity in the Adult Patient NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
NOTE: The above paper details a surgical approach to treatment for valgus overcorrection in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's.
Go to the Vertical Talus (Congenital) - Congenital Rocker Bottom page
Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method Diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in congenital vertical talus Congenital Vertical Talus Vertical Talus: Mid-Term Results of Surgical Therapy Minimally invasive approach for the treatment of non-isolated congenital vertical talus. Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery. Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Matthew B Dobbs Jose A Morcuende Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA
Go to the All Studies page
**Click a topic to show all the study links for that category.
**Click the link below the topic title to go to the study category page itself.
– Some of our favorite doctors and caregivers are highlighted with italics and bold type. – Some of these full texts aren't available without a subscription. Your doctor likely can get access and can print a study for you if you can't find another online source for the full texts. – When possible, the full text article has been linked. If you are able to find the full text or the abstract of any of these that are missing texts, please contact us with the link so we can update this page.
*All studies and papers are sorted by date, with the most recent at the top*
**FIND in PAGE and other FIND actions do NOT work when the topics are collapsed.
To use search functions on this listing, please go to the Searchable All Cubfoot Studies page.
If you find a study that should be on this page, please send us the title, link, or abstract, and we will review it for addition to this page. New links are added regularly as they are discovered.
Please use Use ctrl+F, cmd+F, or "Find in Page" (on mobile) on the Searchable All Cubfoot Studies Page
Go to the Dr. Ponseti's Studies page
Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Matthew B Dobbs, Jose A Morcuende Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA Ponseti IV. Late recurrence of clubfoot deformity: a 45-year followup. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA, Ponseti IV Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment. Ponseti IV. The effect of the internet in the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Jose A Morcuende, Martin Egbert, Ignacio V Ponseti The Ponseti technique for correction of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV .(this is a letter to the editor from Dr. Ponseti clarifying how his techniques had been misinterpreted by others in their studies. I can not find a full text of this. If you know of a source, or even have the text saved please share with us!) Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment Ignacio V Ponseti Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: an historical review. Dobbs MB, Morcuende JA Ponseti IV Clubfoot management. Ponseti IV. Correction of the talar neck angle in congenital clubfoot with sequential manipulation and casting I.V. Ponseti Common errors in the treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV Treatment of congenital club foot. Ponseti IV. A radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 -
I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein
Congenital club foot in the human fetus. A histological study Ponseti IV. Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot. Ponseti IV. Observations on pathogenesis and treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV , Campos J.The Classic: Congenital Club Foot: The Results of Treatment Ignacio V. Ponseti, MD Note: This is the paper that was ignored by nearly every Orthopaedic Surgeon world wide for over 35 years
The 30 Year Study (that fueled the parental revolution and was the inspiration for Dr. Ponseti's book, Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment ,
Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method Clubfoot In History Ponseti Method Training
Go to the Achilles Tenotomy Studies page
Well though-out introduction of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy during functional treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Which indications produce the best results? MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy under local anaesthetic in the clubfoot clinic was safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, for both children and parents Effect of Achilles tendon on kinematic coupling relationship between tarsal bones: a pilot finite element study Lengthening of Achilles Tendon from the Percutaneous Tenotomy Procedure in Ponseti’s Method Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Confirmation of Tenotomy Healing at 3 Weeks Using the Ponseti Protocol Early management of clubfoot by the Ponseti method with complete percutaneous tenotomy of tendoachillis A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Extended Ponseti method for failed tenotomy in idiopathic clubfeet: a pilot study Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Percutaneous heel cord release for clubfoot: a retrospective, multicentre cost analysis Frequency of percutaneous achilles tenotomy in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the ponseti method Percutaneous achillotomy in the treatment of congenital clubfoot: should it be performed in the operating theater or the polyclinic? Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Early Results of a New Technique of Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfoot: The Posterior to Anterior Controlled (PAC) Techniques Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up The impact of the early tenotomy of the Achilles tendon on the length and results of the treatment of severe forms of congenital clubfoot A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Experience with Ponseti Protocol and Achilles Tenotomy in the management of Clubfoot at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria Initial Correction Predicts the Need for Secondary Achilles Tendon Procedures in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated With Ponseti Casting A mini-open technique for Achilles tenotomy in infantswith clubfoot Sept 2015 Comparative results of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy to combined open Achilles tenotomy with posterior capsulotomy in the correction of equinus deformity in congenital talipes equinovarus Lateral Tibiocalcaneal Angle As a Determinant for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfeet Reliability of radiographic measures in infants with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study Propofol sedation for infants with idiopathic clubfoot undergoing percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for Tendo-achillis Release in cases of Clubfoot – Technical Note See a video showing the Needle Tenotomy procedure
Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure: safety and efficacy as part of the Ponseti serial casting protocol for clubfoot Multiple tenotomies after Ponseti method for management of severe rigid clubfoot Safety of percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy performed under general anesthesia on infants with idiopathic clubfoot Analytical radiography of clubfoot after tenotomy Predicting the need for tenotomy in the Ponseti method for correction of clubfeet
Botox for tendon lengthening. Using Botox to Treat Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot
Botulinum toxin in treatment of clubfoot relapse - Patent application by Chrinstine Alvarez - status: Abandoned
Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Placebo for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Two-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Early ultrasonographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet treated with manipulations, casts, and Botox®: A double-blind randomized control trial Onabotulinumtoxin A injections: a safety review of children with clubfoot under 2 years of age at BC Children's Hospital Harpreet The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study The Use of Botulinum Type A Toxin in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: 5-year Follow-up Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Utilizing Botulinum A Toxin A New Method and its Short-term Outcomes
Go to the Age When Treatment Begins Studies page
*See the "Neglected Clubfoot" section for papers studying the Ponseti Method for children of walking age, or older.
Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Timing for Ponseti clubfoot management: does the age matter? 90 children (131 feet) with a mean follow-up of 5 years Early application of the Ponseti casting technique for clubfoot correction in sick infants at the neonatal intensive care unit Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) by Ponseti Casting Technique in Neonates: Our Experience Does Clubfoot Treatment Need to Begin As Soon As Possible? Lewis Zionts, Treatment of Clubfoot with the Ponseti Method: Should We Begin Casting in the Newborn Period or Later? Ponseti Method: Does Age at the Beginning of Treatment Make a Difference?
Go to the Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT page
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet Lateral Cuneiform Ossification and Tibialis Anterior Tendon Width in Children Ages 3 to 6: Implications for Interference Screw Fixation of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfers in Children. Lateral Intra-Articular Transposition of the Anterior Tibialis Tendon for the Treatment of Relapsed Clubfoot in Toddlers: A Previously Unreported Surgical Technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Anterior tibial tendon transfer in residual dynamic clubfoot deformity Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet Anterior tibial tendon transfer in relapsing congenital clubfoot: long-term follow-up study of two series treated with a different protocol -
Go to the Biology and Etiology of Clubfoot Studies page
Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Novel contribution to clubfoot pathogenesis: The possible role of extracellular matrix proteins The congenital clubfoot – immunohistological analysis of the extracellular matrix Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes -Matthew B Dobbs
Go to the Bracing Studies page
"The goal of the extensive bracing regime is to prevent recurrence by opposing the deforming forces at the medial ankle–foot joints that persist or reoccur after initial correction of the clubfoot" (Ponseti 2002, Dobbs and Gurnett 2009, Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017).
Bracing Comparisons
Design and evaluation of a unilateral brace for preventing clubfoot relapse: A prospective study The influence of brace type on the success rate of the Ponseti treatment protocol for idiopathic clubfoot A modification of the Ponseti method for clubfoot management: a prospective comparative study The foot external rotation above knee (FERAK) brace versus the Denis Browne brace for management of idiopathic clubfoot following Ponseti casting: a randomized controlled trial Is unilateral lower leg orthosis with acircular foot unit in the treatment ofidiopathic clubfeet a reasonable bracing alternative in the Ponseti method? Five-year results of a supraregional paediatric-orthopaedic centre Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Foot Abduction Brace/Bar (FAB, BnB, Boots & Bar, DBB)
Development of a functional prototype of a SMART (Sensor-integrated for Monitoring And Remote Tracking) foot abduction brace for clubfoot treatment: a pre-clinical evaluation Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: Results of Treatment and Are We Bracing Effectively? Foot abduction brace noncompliance in children with idiopathic clubfoot: how the deep squatting posture might help Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Effect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Perspective Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Bracing in clubfoot: do we know enough? June 2019 - C. AlvesEffect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Open-Source Three-Dimensional Printable Infant Clubfoot Brace Project: The Do-It-Yourself approach and open source solutions applied to all fields of our life (even for research purposes) The foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Is the same brace fit for all? The length of abduction bar in Steenbeek foot abduction brace for Indian children—A pilot study Steenbeek foot abduction brace for clubfoot: Cost-effective but is it effective? A prospective study The Dynamicity of Steenbeek Foot Abduction Brace for Clubfoot in Dorsiflexion and Pronation: A Pilot Study Factors predicting brace noncompliance among idiopathic clubfoot patients treated with the Ponseti method Factors affecting adherence with foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti method Prospective evaluation of the use of Mitchell shoes and dynamic abduction brace for idiopathic clubfeet The Ponseti method of treatment for clubfoot in Brazil: barriers to bracing compliance Orthosis Noncompliance After the Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfeet: A Relevant Problem That Needs Reevaluation Positive Communication Paradigm Decreases Early Recurrence in Clubfoot Treatment ** Elizabeth A Szalay Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Experience With the Mitchell-Ponseti Brace Lewis Zionts, Bracing in the treatment of children with clubfoot: past, present, and future 2010 - Lajja Desai, BSE, Florin Oprescu, MD, PhD, Andrew DiMeo, PhD,* and Jose A Morcuende, MD, PhD Bracing Following Correction of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Dietz, Frederick R. MD Improved bracing compliance in children with clubfeet using a dynamic orthosis. Effect of cultural factors on outcome of Ponseti treatment of clubfeet in rural America ** Szalay EA , Bosch PP, Sweet KR, Schwend RMSedation protocols for Ponseti clubfoot Achilles tenotomy Foot abduction brace in the Ponseti method for idiopathic clubfoot deformity: torsional deformities and compliance A new dynamic foot abduction orthosis for clubfoot treatment. Matthew Dobbs Use of the foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti casts: is it essential? Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet Matthew B Dobbs, Early results of the Ponseti method using the Steenbek foot abduction brace: A prospective study of 95 feet Bracing Time/Length & Compliance
Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in Uganda Use of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in UgandaUse of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Scores in Pediatric Patients With Arthrogryposis Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Design and descriptive data of the randomized Clubfoot Foot Abduction Brace Length of Treatment Study (FAB24) Matthew B Dobbs, Steven L Frick, Vincent S Mosca The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Prolonged use of foot abduction brace reduces the rate of surgery in Ponseti-treated idiopathic club feet A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Reported and Measured Wear Rates in Clubfoot Bracing Using a Novel Pressure Sensor Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism (ADM) ADM prospective studies *This is not a published paper or confirmed study; but it might be ongoing. If you wish to participate see this page and email the study contact. Feasibility of Other Orthosis for Talipes (FOOT) trial
Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)
Go to the Casting Studies page
Conventional Versus Accelerated Ponseti in the Management of Cases of Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Synthetic Cast Material Versus Plaster of Paris for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Protocol: A Comparative Analysis of 136 Feet Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study Treatment for Clubfoot: Stockinette Versus Webril Cast Padding in the Ponseti Method Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method – Parental distress during plaster casting Ponseti casting for clubfoot - fiberglass or plaster casting? A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Proposal of an innovative casting technique for correction of clubfoot according to Ponseti method: a pilot study Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Treatment of Clubfoot With Ponseti Method Using Semirigid Synthetic Softcast Comparison of cast materials for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: a prospective randomized controlled trial Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Ponseti casting A NEW SOFT OPTION Treatment of clubfoot with the Ponseti method: a comparison of casting materials Effect of Cast Removal Timing in the Correction of Idipoathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Jose A Morcuende Ponseti versus traditional methods of casting for idiopathic clubfoot. J Herzenberg Parent satisfaction comparing two bandage materials used during serial casting in infants. Mechanical properties and material characteristics of orthopaedic casting material. Accelerated or "Fast" Casting
Original versus Accelerated Ponseti Techniques in Treatment of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique Accelerated Ponseti method: First experiences in a more convenient technique for patients with severe idiopathic club feet Results of a Standard versus an Accelerated Ponseti Protocol for Clubfoot: A Prospective Randomized Study ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Traditional and accelerated Ponseti technique: a comparative study An accelerated Ponseti versus the standard Ponseti method A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA , Ponseti IV .
Go to the Complex and Atypical Clubfoot Studies page
Management of complex idiopathic clubfoot using modified Ponseti method Outcome of Atypical & Complex Clubfoot Managed by Modified Ponseti Method—A Prospective Study Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review Complex Clubfoot Treatment With Ponseti Method: A Latin American Multicentric Study Clinical outcomes of iatrogenic complex clubfoot treated with modified Ponseti method Using the modied Ponseti method to treat complex clubfoot: early results Challenging clubfeet: The arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot Evaluation of modified Ponseti technique in treatment of complex clubfeet Complex iatrogenic clubfoot: is it a real entity? Treatment of complex idiopathic clubfoot using the modified Ponseti method: up to 11 years follow-up Atypical clubfoot: Early identification and treatment by modification of the standard Ponseti Technique Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Jose A Morcuende Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities
Go to the Clubfoot Score/Assessments and Classifications Studies (Severity) page
Clubfoot Severity Scoring/Classification (initial assessment)
Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? Predictive ability of scoring systems towards casting in treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method in infants Assessment of severity of clubfoot in walking children by combined multiple tools: A new classification system Correlation of age and severity scores to the number of Ponseti casts in Indian infants with clubfeet Clinical examination and classification systems of congenital clubfoot: a narrative review Prediction of Number of Casts and Need of Tenotomy Using Pirani Score in the Management of Clubfoot Dimeglio Score Predicts Treatment Difficulty During Ponseti Casting for Isolated Clubfoot Correlation of scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction in the older child Ponseti Method of Correction of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Deformity Under Two Year of Age Using Dimeglio Scoring System Are scoring systems useful for predicting results of treatment for clubfoot using the ponseti method? Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Interobserver Reliability of Pirani Clubfoot Severity Scoring between an Orthopedic Surgeon, a Resident Doctor, and a Nonmedical Counsellor at a Clubfoot Clinic Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method The Role of Pirani Scoring in Predicting the Frequency of Casting and the Need for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Comparison of Dimeglio and Pirani score in predicting number of casts and need for tenotomy in clubfoot correction using the Ponseti method Developing a Three-Dimensional (3D) Assessment Method for Clubfoot—A Study Protocol Classification Systems to Evaluate the Clubfoot and Their Potential Use to Predict the Course and the Results of the Ponseti Method Treatment Significance Of Pirani Score at Bracing-Implications for Recognizing A Corrected Clubfoot The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Different Levels of Deformity Severity The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Diferent Levels of Deformity Severity Use of the Pirani score in monitoring progression of correction and in guiding indications for tenotomy in the Ponseti method: Are we comingto the same decisions? Correlation of Pirani score and Foot bimalleolar angle in the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus by Ponseti method in infants The Pirani Scoring System is Effective in Assessing Severity and Monitoring Treatment of Clubfeet in Children The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Interobserver reliability in Pirani clubfoot severity scoring between a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon and a physiotherapy assistant Clubfoot: The Treatment Outcome Using Quantitative Assessment of Deformity Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Clubfoot classification: correlation with Ponseti cast treatment A Reliable and Valid Method of Assessing the Amount of Deformity in the Congenital Clubfoot Deformity S. Pirani, The role of the Pirani scoring system in the management of club foot by the Ponseti method The classification of congenital talipes equinovarus A method of evaluating the virgin clubfoot with substantial inter-observer reliability. Presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Annual Meeting 1995, Miami, Florida ,An independent assessment of two clubfoot-classification systems Classification of clubfoot Diméglio A Ultrasound Assessment of Clubfoot Severity
Assessment of the severity of club foot in neonates treated by the ponseti method in correlation with ultrasonography and foot bimalleolar angle Radiography and sonography of clubfoot: A comparative study The Role of Ultrasound in Clubfoot Treatment: Correlation with the Pirani Score and Assessment of the Ponseti Method Ultrasound evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment: a preliminary report Clubfoot Assessment (after treatment)
Remote monitoring of clubfoot treatment with digital photographs in low resource settings: Is it accurate? The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot Evaluation of a simple tool to assess the results of Ponseti treatment for use by clubfoot therapists: a diagnostic accuracy study The Bangla clubfoot tool: A repeatability study
Go to the Delayed Presenting Clubfoot - DPC (Neglected & Untreated) Clubfoot Studies page
**Clubfoot is often left untreated in some underdeveloped nations and it can take some years to begin treatment. Usually patients are over 6 months to a year old, but often they are much older.
Soft Tissue Release for Neglected Clubfoot: One-year Clinical Outcome An analysis of treatment outcome following classical Ponseti technique in older children with clubfoot – A concept stretched too far? Neglected clubfoot treated by serial casting: a narrative review on how possibility takes over disability Changes in the Foot After Two Years of Deformity Correction in Neglected Clubfeet Treated With Modified Ponseti Technique Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Successfully Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Case Report of an Adult Patient who Started Treatment at 26 Years of Age Correction of the Neglected Clubfoot in the Adolescent and Adult Patient Successful Treatment of Neglected Clubfeet in 10 Cases Using Ponseti Method, with Outcomes after 8 Years Ponseti Method After Walking Age - A Multi-Centric Study of 429 Feet: Results, Possible Treatment Modifications and Outcomes According to Age Groups - Project: THE PONSETI METHOD IN NEGLECTED CLUBFOOT Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Results of Modified Ponseti Technique in Difficult Clubfoot and a review of literature The Ponseti method of clubfoot treatment in walking age children: is it effective? A study of 56 children from 1 to 10 years of age Modified Ponseti technique for management of neglected clubfeet Result of Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Technique: A Case Study of Zero Clubfoot Project in Bangladesh NOTE: This paper follows a 24 year old untreated/neglected university student treated with Ponseti Method
Outcomes of the Ponseti Method for Untreated Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients Seen Between the Ages of One and Five Years and Followed for at Least 10 Years Evaluation of Ponseti method in neglected clubfoot Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique in Children Presenting After One Year of Age The Ponseti method in the treatment of children with idiopathic clubfoot presenting between five and ten years of age Can Selective Soft Tissue Release and Cuboid Osteotomy Correct Neglected Clubfoot? Management of idiopathic clubfoot in toddlers by Ponseti's method Ponseti's manipulation in neglected clubfoot in children more than 7 years of age: A prospective evaluation of 25 feet with long-term follow-up Ponseti Method for Untreated Idiopathic Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients From 1 to 6 Years of Age Correction of neglected idiopathic club foot by the Ponseti method Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities The Neglected Clubfoot Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame
Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method
Go to the Development & Motor Skills Studies page
Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, Foot Involvement, Gait, and Foot Motion Does idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus have an impact on attainment of developmental milestones? A multicentre international study Gross Motor Function at 10 Years of Age in Children With Clubfoot Following the French Physical Therapy Method and the Ponseti Technique Clubfoot Does Not Impair Gross Motor Development in 5-Year-Olds Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, FootInvolvement, Gait, and Foot Motion A Longitudinal Review of Gait Following Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: Gait Analysis at 2 and 5 Years of Age The Relationship Between Gait, Gross Motor Function, and Parental Perceived Outcome in Children With Clubfeet Walking Age of Infants with Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Athletic Ability of School-Age Children After Satisfactory Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot Achievement of gross motor milestones in children with idiopathic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method
Go to the External Frame Studies page
Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame
The use of external fixation for the correction of recurrent clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method
Go to the False Positives or Missed Positives for Clubfoot on Ultrasound page
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes Prenatal detection and postnatal outcome of congenital talipes equinovarus in 106 fetuses Outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot
Go to the Flat Top Talus Studies page
Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I Riccio
Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I RiccioFlat Top Talus in the Bot Foot Congenital Idiopathic Equine Varus Keywords: Flat top talus-Equine idiopathic clubfoot varus-Tenotomy Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies Functional Implications of the Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Assessment of Talar Flattening in Adult Idiopathic Clubfoot Idiopathic Flat-top Talus J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002When does the flat-top talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging at three months of age Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet Talar Deformity & Flattening Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review
Go to the Foot Bones (Talus) Studies page
Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome
Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I RiccioFlat Top Talus in the Bot Foot Congenital Idiopathic Equine Varus Keywords: Flat top talus-Equine idiopathic clubfoot varus-Tenotomy Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies Functional Implications of the Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Assessment of Talar Flattening in Adult Idiopathic Clubfoot Idiopathic Flat-top Talus J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002When does the flat-top talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging at three months of age Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet Talar Deformity & Flattening
Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review
Go to the Foot Length & Calf Muscle Discrepancy Studies page
Development of foot length in children with congenital clubfoot up to 7 years of age: a prospective follow-up study Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Anthropometric measurements in Ponseti treated clubfeet Calf Circumference Discrepancies in Patients With Unilateral Clubfoot Ponseti Versus Surgical Release Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot
Go to the Gait Studies page
Kinematic Gait Impairments in Children with Clubfeet Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children Forefoot adduction and forefoot supination as kinematic indicators of relapse clubfoot This is a narrative review of the functional evaluation of clubfoot treatment with gait analysis Foot function during gait and parental perceived outcome in older children with symptomatic club foot deformity Gait kinetics in children with clubfeet treated surgically or with the Ponseti method: A meta-analysis Gait in 5-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot: A cohort study of 59 children, focusing on foot involvement and the contralateral foot Results of Gait Analysis Including the Oxford Foot Model in Children with Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Gait analysis after initial nonoperative treatment for clubfeet: intermediate term followup at age 5 Lower extremity characteristics in recurrent clubfoot: Clinical and gait analysis findings that may influence decisions for additional surgery Gait analysis and muscle strength in children with surgically treated clubfeet Evaluation of Residual Clubfoot Deformities Using Gait Analysis Cause of Toe-in Gait After Posteromedial Release for Congenital Clubfoot Gait Analysis in Surgically Treated Clubfoot
Go to the General Clubfoot Studies & Ponseti vs Surgery Studies page
Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method
Clubfoot In History
Ponseti Method Training
General, Non-Specific, & Ponseti vs Surgery Clubfoot Research and Articles
Baskar, Danika, Pooya Hosseinzadeh, Vincent Mosca, et al. “Dynamic Supination in Congenital Clubfoot: A Modified Delphi Panel Approach to Standardizing Definitions and Indications for Treatment.” Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 42, no. 5 (2022): e459–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002119.
Pearls to Address Challenges in Initial Casting Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot Author links open overlay panel
Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Technique: Our Experience Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes A Prospective Study on Functional Outcomes of Serial Cast Correction in Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) by Ponseti Method Determining the Optimal Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot General information Publication type Journal Article Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clubfoot program at tertiary care institute Clubfoot treatment in China before and after the advent of the Ponseti technique: a historical narrative review Clubfoot in children: An overview Evaluation of effectiveness of Ponseti's method in the clubfoot management under 1-year children: a prospective study The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV) Quantification of Ankle Dorsiflexion in Ponseti-managed Unilateral Clubfoot Patients During Early Childhood Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells:a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method—parental distress during plaster casting What a paediatrician (pediatrician) should know about congenital clubfoot Adherence to the Ponseti method by family members as a determinant in the success of club foot treatment A polyaxial fixation brace for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in newborns NOTE: this is not a brace for maintaining a corrected clubfoot. This is experimental for corrections. A Modified Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Rigid Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Additional challenges in children with idiopathic clubfoot: is it just the foot? Role of Talectomy in Severe Resistant Clubfoot in Children Clubfoot treatment in 2015: A global perspective An Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of the Ponseti Method in Clubfoot Treatment Idiopathic clubfoot treated by Ponseti method: a series of 300 cases Ponseti method is superior to surgical treatment in clubfoot - Long-term, randomized, prospective trial Evaluation of outcome of treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by ponseti technique of manipulation and serial plaster casting Guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of primary idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Dietz, Frederick R The use of electric stimulation in treating clubfoot in newborn infants Comparison of the Ponseti method versus early tibialis anterior tendon transfer for idiopathic clubfoot: A prospective randomized study Role of Foot Abduction and Heel Angle in Equinus Correction in Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Pilot Study The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Feasibility and barriers of treating clubfeet in four countries Ponseti Casting for Severe Club Foot Deformity: Are Clinical Outcomes Promising? The effect of a dedicated Ponseti service on the outcome of idiopathic clubfoot treatment Congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus: an evaluation in infants treated by the Ponseti method Comparison of the short-term and long-termresults of the Ponseti method in the treatmentof idiopathic pes equinovarus Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende Descriptive Epidemiology of Idiopathic Clubfoot The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique of Manipulation and Serial Plaster Casting and Its Critical Evaluation The Current Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Revisited Results of a Survey of the POSNA Membership Zionts, Lewis E. MD Morcuende, Jose A. MD Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus A comprehensive outcome comparison of surgical and Ponseti clubfoot treatments with reference to pediatric norms John E. Herzenberg, Mid-term Results of Ponseti Method for the treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot - (A Study of 67 Clubfeet with Mean Five Year Follow-Up) Ponseti method compared with surgical treatment of clubfoot: a prospective comparison Has the rate of extensive surgery to treat idiopathic clubfoot declined in the United States? Zionts LE Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Update on Clubfoot: Etiology and Treatment Matthew B. Dobbs Ponseti management of clubfoot in older infants John E Herzenberg Steven L Frick Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Prevention of Late Deformity and Disability by Conservative Treatment With the Ponseti Technique Jose A Morcuende Treatment of idiopathic club foot using the Ponseti method: Initial experience Early experience with the Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Radical reduction in the rate of extensive corrective surgery for clubfoot using the Ponseti method. Morcuende JA , Dolan LA, Dietz FR, Ponseti IV . Nonsurgical Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Evaluation of the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by using the Ponseti method.. .Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet. Dobbs MB Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. Talipes equinovarus and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Washington state Clubfoot: what have we learned in the last quarter century?
Go to the Genetics Studies, Hereditary & Other Risk Factors with Associated Clubfoot page
Association Between TPM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Risk in a Chinese Population Co-occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub-Saharan African cohort: Whole-exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes Analysis OF C677T polymorphism in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene as a risk factor for congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Clubfoot deformity in the Solomon Islands: Melanesian versus Polynesian ethnicity, a retrospective cohort study Evaluation of genetic susceptibility of common variants in SOX9 in patients with congenital talipes equinovarus in the Han Chinese population Rare and de novo duplications containing SHOX in clubfoot Whole‑exome sequencing study identifies two novel rare variations associated with congenital talipes equinovarus Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot The genetics of isolated and syndromic clubfoot Dobbs MB Expanded Age Indication for Ponseti Method for Correction of Congenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus: A Systematic Review The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Genetics of clubfoot; recent progress and future perspectives Functional Assessment of Clubfoot Associated HOXA9, TPM1, and TPM2 Variants Suggests a Potential Gene Regulation Mechanism. A systematic review of association studies of common variants associated with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) in humans in the past 30 years Three novel missense mutations in the filamin B gene are associated with isolated congenital talipes equinovarus Etiopathogenesis of equinovarus foot malformations Genome-wide association study identifies new disease loci for isolated clubfoot Matthew B Dobbs , Christina A GurnettConsanguineous marriage and increased risk of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a case-control study in a rural area Copy number analysis of 413 isolated talipes equinovarus patients suggests role for transcriptional regulators of early limb development Steven L Frick, John E Herzenberg, Matthew B Dobbs SOX9 overexpression plays a potential role in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Possible role of GLI3 gene in the pathogenesis of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Pitx1 haploinsufficiency causes clubfoot in humans and a clubfoot-like phenotype in mice Matthew B. Dobbs , and Christina A. GurnettCongenital talipes equinovarus--family occurrence Parental consanguinity and associated factors in congenital talipes equinovarus Familial Isolated Clubfoot Is Associated with Recurrent Chromosome 17q23.1q23.2 Microduplications Containing TBX Matthew B. Dobbs , and Christina A. GurnettCongenital talipes equinovarus in Papua New Guinea: a difficult yet potentially manageable situation Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Apoptotic gene analysis in idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) NAT2 variation and idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Pedigree analysis and epidemiological features of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in the United Kingdom: a case-control study Association and mutation analysis of GLI3 gene in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Variation in CASP10 gene is associated with idiopathic talipes equinovarus Analysis of association between 5' HOXD gene and idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Genetics of club foot in Maori and Pacific people Epidemiology and genetic theories in the etiology of congenital talipes equinovarus Congenital talipes in Malaysian neonates: incidence, pattern and associated factors Associated Risk Factors (potential)
Association between maternal age at conception and risk of idiopathic clubfoot Smoking, the xenobiotic pathway, and clubfoot Maternal smoking and the risk for clubfoot in infants Family history, maternal smoking, and clubfoot: an indication of a gene-environment interaction
Go to the Hip Dysplasia Clubfoot Studies page
This website has comprehensive information about hip ultrasound results. Radiology Assistant
Routine ultrasound screening for hip dysplasia in children with clubfoot is not supported
Is foot deformity associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip? The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in idiopathic clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis Is congenital talipes equinovarus a risk factor for pathological dysplasia of the hip? Is it worthwhile to routinely ultrasound screen children with idiopathic clubfoot for hip dysplasia? Prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children with clubfoot Is it worthwhile to screen the hip in infants born with clubfeet? The association between clubfoot and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Clubfoot and Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Value of Screening Hip Radiographs in Children With Clubfoot
Go to the HyperMobility/HyperFlexibility Studies page
Does generalized joint hypermobility influence the Ponseti treatment of clubfoot patients? Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus
Go to the Locale Specific Studies page
Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Technique: Our Experience Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Epidemiology of clubfoot in Sweden from 2016 to 2019: A national register study A survey on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) managed by the Ponseti technique at Mulago Hospital - Uganda A Community Audit of 300 "Drop-Out" Instances in Children Undergoing Ponseti Clubfoot Care in Bangladesh-What Do the Parents Say? Evaluation of the Outcomes of Ponseti Method in the Treatment of Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Deformity in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan: A Descriptive Study Clinical, Radiological, Pedobarographic, and Quality of Life Outcomes of the Ponseti Treatment for Clubfoot: A Prospective Study from Iran Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Method: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Five Year Experience Ponseti Method in Brazil,: First Ten Years of a Clubfoot Website - Users Profile Talipes equinovarus or Clubfoot: A review of study approaches, management and trends in Pakistan The role of clubfoot training programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review Congenital clubfoot in Europe: A population-based study Clinical outcomes and risk-factor analysis of the Ponseti Method in a low-resource setting: Clubfoot care in Haiti Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Ponseti Technique for the Management of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in a Rural Set-Up in India: Experience of 356 Patients Walk for life - the National Clubfoot Project of Bangladesh: the four-year outcomes of 150 congenital clubfoot cases following Ponseti method Descriptive epidemiology and predisposing factors to idiopathic talipes equinovarus in South South Nigeria - A cross-sectional study investigating impressions and opinions of medical rehabilitation professionals on the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treatment of clubfoot in Harare, Zimbabwe The impact of the Ponseti treatment method on parents and caregivers of children with clubfoot: a comparison of two urban populations in Europe and Africa Ponseti method compared to previous treatment of clubfoot in Norway. A multicenter study of 205 children followed for 8–11 years Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation The Bangladesh clubfoot project: audit of 2-year outcomes of Ponseti treatment in 400 children Brazil - Treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method: ten years of experience Towards effective Ponseti clubfoot care: the Uganda Sustainable Clubfoot Care Project Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population - Results of manipulation of idiopathic clubfoot deformity in Malawi by orthopaedic clinical officers using the Ponseti method: a realistic alternative for the developing world?
Go to the Long-Term Follow Up Studies page
Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.
Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes Successful Ponseti-treated Clubfeet at Age 2 Years: What Is the Rate of Surgical Intervention After This? A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? Comparison of ponseti method versus surgical treatment in congenital idiopathic clubfoot: A 5-year follow up study Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse Does the Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Stand Up to the March of Time? Commentary on an article by Lewis E. Zionts, MD, et al.: “Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse” - Letts, R. Mervyn MD, MSc, FRCSCa
Functional Outcomes Following Treatment for Clubfoot: Ten-Year Follow-up December 2018 - Kelly A Jeans, Lori A. Karol, Ashley L. Erdman, Wilshaw StevensThe Ponseti Method Decreased the Surgical Incidence in Children with Congenital Clubfoot A Population-Based, 8 Birth-Year Cohort Study Plantar Pressures After Nonoperative Treatment for Clubfoot: Intermediate Follow-up at Age 5 Years Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus (3 year old limit on conservative approaches, this study's results should be considered suspect and an outlier) Ponseti treatment for idiopathic clubfoot: minimum 5-year followup John E Herzenberg Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: Minimum 2-year follow-up. Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note.
Go to the Non-Idiopathic Studies (Syndromic) & Clubfoot Associated (Neuro, Genetic, etc.) page
Click into the heading below for more information from this paper
The following is a listing of non-idiopathic conditions from the sample of participants from the above research paper. All the patients were treated at Shriners St. Louis by Dr. Matthew Dobbs.
This is not an exhaustive list of associated or concurrent conditions , however it may help you understand the incidence of each listed condition in a sample of 84 total participants with an additional condition other than clubfoot. Please see the Discussion portion of the study linked above for more detailed information on rates seen in studies from global samples published before 2008. Rates for idiopathic vs non-idiopathic have been identified in other research since this paper was published and the general consensus at the time of this writing is that about 20% of clubfoot is non-idiopathic.
Etiologies of non-idiopathic CTEV (additional malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes)
Central nervous system, n (%) 12/84 (14)
Dandy Walker 2
Spinal cord, n (%) 19/84 (23)
Muscle, n (%) 15/84 (18)
Chromosomal abnormality, n (%) 10/84 (12)
Known genetic syndromes, n (%) 5/84 (6)
Costello syndrome 1
Probable genetic syndrome, n (%) 19/84 (23) Orthopedic n (%) (fibular hemimelia, polydactyly, hip dysplasia, ulnar longitudinal deficiency) 6/84 (7) Multiple congenital anomaly 13/84 (15) Amniotic band sequence, n (%) 4/84 (5)
Non-idiopathic Clubfeet: A Current Concepts Review Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot . The Ponseti method of treatment for neuromuscular and syndromic (non-idiopathic) clubfeet: evaluation of a programme-based approach at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years January 2021 - Avi Shah, Alaric Aroojis, Rujuta MehtaClubfoot Infants Initially Thought to be Idiopathic, But Later Found Not to Be. How do They do With Nonoperative Treatment? Neurodevelopmental difficulties negatively affect health‐related quality of life in children with idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of syndrome-associated congenital talipes equinovarus using the Ponseti method: 4-12 years of follow-up A single-center prospective evaluation of the Ponseti method in nonidiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Arthrogryposis
Midterm clinical and radiological outcomes of arthrogryposis-associated clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method: a retrospective observational study and comprehensive literature review Multiple Serial Casting for Recurrent Clubfoot in Arthrogryposis Corrects Deformity With Diminishing Returns The Effectiveness of Serial Casting in the Treatment of Recurrent Equinovarus in Children With Arthrogryposis The 5-Year Outcome of the Ponseti Method in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and Arthrogryposis Nichols, Louise R. MD Challenging clubfeet: the arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot The effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis: up to 8 years follow-up Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame Correction of arthrogrypotic clubfoot with a modified Ponseti technique Harold J P van Bosse Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot in distal arthrogryposis Stephanie Boehm Marc F Sinclair, Matthew B Dobbs Myelomeningocele
Osteomyelitis Secondary to Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfoot Associated with Meningomyelocele Effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele: 3-9 years follow-up Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele Matthew B Dobbs Spina Bifida Tethered Cord
Analysis of the efficacy of the Ponseti method for treatment of secondary clubfoot in young children with tethered cord syndrome Clubfoot and Tethered Cord Syndrome: Results of Treatment With the Ponseti Method Georgopoulos, Gaia MD Amniotic Band Syndrome
Club Foot with Contralateral Congenital Amniotic Band Syndrome Amputation Successfully Treated with Ponseti Method: Case Report Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Bujar Shabani, Dafina Bytyqi, Cen BytyqiThe Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfeet Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome: A Single Institution 20-Year Experience Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Importance of operative intervention in the treatment of clubfoot associated with congenital constriction Band syndrome The Effectiveness of the Ponseti Method for Treating Clubfoot Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome The Use of the Ponseti Method to Treat Clubfeet Associated With Congenital Annular Band Syndrome Zionts, Lewis E. MD Resistant talipes equinovarus associated with congenital constriction band syndrome Polydactyly
Congenital Left Foot Polydactyly in Corrected Case of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus of Left Foot Idiopathic talipes equinovarus with preaxial polydactyly of the foot: a case report Clubfoot associated with preaxial polydactyly Clubfoot, Congenital, with or without Deficiency of Long Bones and/or Mirror-Image Polydactyly; CCF Developmental Hip Dysplasia, Congenital Muscular Torticollis See the Hip Dysplasia & Clubfoot Studies
Why? - According to all but one paper listed at the link above, Developmental Hip Dysplasia (DDH) is not at any higher risk with clubfoot. Standard clinical exams (normal exam the pediatrician does to check the hips) are sufficient for any screening for DDH, and routine ultrasound screening is not considered warranted or cost effective.
Other specific disorders or conditions
Saul-Wilson Syndrome
Go to the Other Non-Surgical Methods Studies page
Multi-Method Comparisons French Functional
This is a narrative review of the functional evaluation of clubfoot treatment with gait analysis 20 years of functional treatment for clubfoot advantages and limitations compared with the Ponseti method March 2021 - Elbaum, Roberta; Noel, Brigitteb; Degueldre, Vincentb; Hallez, Mariec; Filloque, Erellec; Guerin, Virginied; Duvivier, Amandined The functional method: experience from the Robert Debré Hospital Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method The hybrid method for the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Preliminary results on 92 consecutive feet Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study Long-term Results of Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot in 187 Feet Long-term results of treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot in 187 feet: outcome of the functional "French" method, if necessary completed by soft-tissue release The French functional physical therapy method for the treatment of congenital clubfoot A Comparison of Two Nonoperative Methods of Idiopathic Clubfoot Correction: The Ponseti Method and the French Functional (Physiotherapy) Method Nonoperative clubfoot treatment using the French physical therapy method Functional treatment of clubfoot: a new series of 350 idiopathic clubfeet with long-term follow-up Results of physical therapy for idiopathic clubfoot: a long-term follow-up study Copenhagen Ram's Taping Kite
Assessment of Efficacy of Ponseti and Kite’s Method of Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Comparative Study Evaluation of Kite and Ponseti methods in the treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for congenital Talipes Equino using the Pirani scoring system Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. Conservative Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Kite versus Ponseti Method Nonoperative Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot
Use of Ponseti's technique in recurrent clubfeet following Kite's method of correction Others
Go to the Other Talipes Types - Vertical Talus (Rocker Bottom), Calcaneovalgus, Calcaneovarus, Etc. page
Congenital Vertical Talus Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method Congenital Vertical Talus Prenatal congenital vertical talus (rocker bottom foot): a marker for multisystem anomalies Congenital Vertical Talus Etiology and Management The talar axis-first metatarsal base angle in CVT treatment: a comparison of idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases treated with the Dobbs method Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Single stage surgical correction of congenital vertical talus by complete subtalar release and peritalar reduction by using the Cincinnati incision
Go to the Physical Abilities & Sport Studies page
Sport Ability during Walking Age in Clubfoot-Affected Children after Ponseti Method: A Case-Series Study Walking capacity of children with clubfeet in primary school: Something to worry about?
Go to the Physiotherapy Studies (PT) page
The effectiveness of three-phase physiotherapy program in children with clubfoot after Ponseti treatment Congenital clubfoot: Ponseti method and its applicability by the physical therapist Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Early results of a physiotherapist-delivered Ponseti service for the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus foot deformity
Go to the Relapse & Recurrent Clubfoot Studies page
Early clubfoot recurrence can lead to more frequent and earlier second recurrences Conclusion: This study suggests that early clubfoot recurrence leads to more frequent subsequent recurrence and earlier second recurrence. Patients with early recurrence had comparatively lower outcome scores, primarily due to multiple recurrences. Care providers could use this knowledge to educate parents about the natural history of recurrent clubfeet and emphasize the importance of brace compliance and routine monitoring.
Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Increased Collagen Crosslinking in Stiff Clubfoot Tissue: Implications for the Improvement of Therapeutic Strategies Updates in the Surgical Management of Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity: a Scoping Review Prognostic factors for recurrent idiopathic clubfoot deformity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: To understand what Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition is, this article from Dr. Vincent Mosca has a video showing the surgery to remove the tissue between the tarsal bones in a child who does not have clubfoot. Talocalcaneal coalition resection
Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Relapse Pattern in Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique -A Prospective Observational Study from Kerala, India Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the, number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? NOTE: This paper discusses relapse as associated with Pirani and Dimeglio scores
Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot- derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study Can Repeated Ponseti Management for Relapsed Clubfeet Produce the Outcome Comparable With the Case Without Relapse? A Clinical Study in Term of Gait Analysis Factors Affecting Parents to ‘Drop-Out’ from Ponseti Method and Children’s Clubfoot Relapse Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Poor Evertor Muscle Activity Is a Predictor of Recurrence in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Prospective Longitudinal Study With a 5-Year Follow-up. The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot NOTE: This paper shows awesome images of what relapse looks like.
Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time A Systematic Review Zionts, Lewis E. MD Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Efficacy of Ponseti Technique in Virgin and Relapsed Clubfeet: A Comparative Study Casting Is Effective for Recurrence Following Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot Identification and treatment of residual and relapsed idiopathic clubfoot in 88 children Relapse following use of Ponseti method in idiopathic clubfoot Clubfoot relapse: does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse? Functional outcome of tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy for treatment of congenital talipes equino varus in children older than two years The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Management of clubfoot relapses with the Ponseti method: results of a survey of the POSNA members Morcuende J. Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Lewis E. Zionts, MD Classification of relapse pattern in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique Treatment Results of Late-relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Previously Treated With the Ponseti Method Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Gastrocsoleus fascial release for correction of equinus deformity in residual or relapsed clubfoot Relapsing and residual clubfoot deformities after the application of the Ponseti method: a contemporary review. Relapse of clubfoot after treatment with the Ponseti method and the function of the foot abduction orthosis Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot Matthew B. Dobbs, MD Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot What Proportion of Patients Need Extensive Surgery After Failure of the Ponseti Technique for Clubfoot? Treatment of Clubfoot With the Ponseti Method A Comparison of Casting Materials Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population.
Abstract entitled "Clubfoot Relapses: Natural History and the Effects of Foot Hyperabduction" Ignacio Ponseti, M.D., and Jose A. Morcuende M.D., Ph.D
This information was initially presented at the 4th International Clubfoot Meeting in Istanbul, Turkey and the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in Washington D.C. in 2005.
Relapse Assessment Clubfoot Relapse Surgery (Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT/ATT)
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Normalization of Forefoot Supination After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Dynamic Clubfoot Recurrence How Many Patients Who Have a Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method are Likely to Undergo a Tendon Transfer? Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Jose A. Morcuende, MD, PhD
NOTE: This full text paper shows both still images and video of the ATTT surgery
How Do Different Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer Techniques Influence Forefoot and Hindfoot Motion? Factors Predictive of Second Recurrence in Clubfeet Treated by Ponseti Casting Long-Term Results of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsed Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method A Follow-up of Thirty-seven to Fifty-five Years Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Plantar Pressures Following Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfers in Children With Clubfoot Nerve Structures at Risk in the Plantar Side of the Foot During Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer A Cadaver Study Herzenberg, John E. MD, FRCSC2 Relapse After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method Morcuende, José A. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet. Other Relapse Surgery
Go to the Reviews of Clubfoot Studies page
Editor Note: This literature review shows improper casts.
What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review Unilateral limb orthosis for maintenance of deformity correction following treatment of clubfoot with Ponseti technique: a systematic review Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review Idiopathic clubfoot treatment and heterogeneity of current therapeutic strategies: The Ponseti method versus the French functional method (a systematic review) A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Congenital talipes equinovarus a systematic review of relapse as a primary outcome of the Ponseti method Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time: A Systematic Review The Ponseti method in children with clubfoot after walking age – Systematic review and metanalysis of observational studies The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Systematic review and meta-analysis of global birth prevalence of clubfoot: a study protocol Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Birth prevalence of congenital talipes equinovarus in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Results of clubfoot management using the Ponseti method: do the details matter? A systematic review The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations
Go to the Rocker Bottom Deformity Studies page
Pearls to Address Challenges in Initial Casting Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot Author links open overlay panel Management of rocker-bottom deformity during Ponseti treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot The incidence and treatment of rocker bottom deformity as a complication of the conservative treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot
Go to the Scans/Imaging Studies & Articles (Ultrasound, X-Ray, MRI, CT - Mother or Child) page
Prenatal Diagnosis of Clubfoot: Where Are We Now? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes Correlation of radiographic parameters with clinical correction in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus undergoing Ponseti treatment Sonoelastographic Findings in Clubfeet Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique "3D Digitization technique for the Assessment of clubfoot deformity in new born baby"- A Review Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Early Radiographic Changes in the Lateral Talocalcaneal Angle Following Achilles Tenotomy in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Assessment of the ankle joint in clubfeet and normal feet to the age of four years by ultrasonography Residual Equinus After the Ponseti Method: An MRI-based 3-Dimensional Analysis Radiological Assessment of Idiopathic Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique Radiographic Prognostic Factors for Selective Soft Tissue Release After Ponseti Failure in Young Pediatric Clubfoot Patients The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up Ponseti Casting Method in Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot and Its Correlation with Radiographic Features Abstract Nonoperatively Corrected Clubfoot at Age 2 Years: Radiographs Are Not Helpful in Predicting Future Relapse Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Can Radiographs Predict Outcome in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet Treated With the Ponseti Method? Radiographic Indicators of Surgery and Functional Outcome in Ponseti-Treated Clubfeet The Effect of Clinical, Radiographic and Functional Scores on the Total Score in the Evaluation of Congenital Clubfoot Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot Correlation between clinical outcome of surgically treated clubfeet and different radiological parameters Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Radiographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet undergoing Ponseti treatment Assessment of talus deformity by three-dimensional MRI in congenital clubfoot February The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot. CT study at maturity. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the congenital clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method. Pirani S , Zeznik L, Hodges DA radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 - I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein
Go to the Study Standards Papers page
Outcome Measures in Clubfoot Development of a core outcome set for idiopathic clubfoot management a study protoco
Go to the Surgical Correction for Clubfoot Studies page
**Studies associated with initial surgical correction - Non-Ponseti Method. Some are quite old, Some do not have text at all. Full texts can usually be specifically requested.
The following link is a PDF file of a "book" compilation of many studies and papers describing mostly surgical methods and treatments for clubfoot up until the time of it's writing in 1993. There is a small section near the end discussing "conservative" treatments but does not mention any non-surgical methods by name. Dr. Ponseti is referenced 20 times, only in citations for his papers. If you want to find out more about your specific surgical method, chances are there are pictures and descriptions of it within this large document.
This document is 27MB in size and downloads as a PDF to your device by default. If you would like to load a 16mb file inline and view it in your browser without downloading the file, use this link . Due to it's size, it will first throw an error in your browser, but if you are patient it will eventually load.
Surgical management of clubfoot overcorrection: a case series NOTE: The above paper looked at older feet (18y+) treated with surgical correction.
Soft Tissue Release for Neglected Clubfoot: One-year Clinical Outcome Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: To understand what Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition is, this article from Dr. Vincent Mosca has a video showing the surgery to remove the tissue between the tarsal bones in a child who does not have clubfoot. Talocalcaneal coalition resection
A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot
Evidence Favors Ponseti Management of Clubfoot A Commen tary on an article by James A.F. Recordon, MBCHB, et al.: “A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot” -
Kuo, Ken N. MD, Smith, Peter A. MD Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot Outcomes of Naviculectomy for Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity Plantar Pressures Following Surgical Release in Children With Clubfoot: Comparison of Posterior Release, Posteromedial Release, and Nonoperative Correction Correction of Recurrent Equinus Deformity in Surgically Treated Clubfeet by Anterior Distal Tibial Hemiepiphysiodesis Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Late Effects of Clubfoot Deformity in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Whose Initial Treatment Was an Extensive Soft-tissue Release: Topic Review and Clinical Case Series Dobbs, Matthew B. MD A comparative study of pedobarography and ankle kinematics between children with idiopathic clubfoot after a soft tissue release procedure and controls A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? Does an overcorrected clubfoot caused by surgery or by the Ponseti method behave differently? Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Growth Disturbance of the Distal Tibia in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet: Ankle Valgus and Anteflexion of the Distal Tibia Ponseti Treatment of Rigid Residual Deformity in Congenital Clubfoot After Walking Age Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity in the Adult Patient NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
Lateral Intra-Articular Transposition of the Anterior Tibialis Tendon for the Treatment of Relapsed Clubfoot in Toddlers: A Previously Unreported Surgical Technique Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende, The Overcorrected Clubfoot in the Adult: Evaluation and Management NOTE: The above paper looks at various "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This is not that.
Surgical Treatment of Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity NOTE: The above paper details a surgical approach to treatment for valgus overcorrection in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's.
Can Selective Soft Tissue Release and Cuboid Osteotomy Correct Neglected Clubfoot? Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy Hind-foot correction and stabilization by pins in plaster after surgical release of talipes equino varus feet in older children Is it Possible to Treat Recurrent Clubfoot with the Ponseti Technique After Posteromedial Release?: A Preliminary Study The 12-in-1 procedure for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Use of the Ponseti method for recurrent clubfoot following posteromedial release Matthew B Dobbs Comparison of long-term results between muscle-strength balancing procedure and Mckay procedure in treating congenital clubfoot Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Dorsal bunion after clubfoot surgery: outcome of reverse Jones procedure Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Clinical and Radiographic Features of Operatively Treated Stiff Clubfeet after Skeletal Maturity: Etiology of the Deformities and How to Prevent Them Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus Correcting residual deformity following clubfoot releases Patient-based outcomes following clubfoot surgery: a 16-year follow-up study Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot Long-term comparative results in patients with congenital clubfoot treated with two different protocols - July 2003 - Ippolito E, Farsetti P, Caterini R, Tudisco C.J Bone.Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Gait analysis and muscle strength in children with surgically treated clubfeet Orthopaedic treatment and passive motion machine: consequences for the surgical treatment of clubfoot - January 1996 - Diméglio A Cause of Toe-in Gait After Posteromedial Release for Congenital Clubfoot Deformity and disability from treated clubfoot Reoperation in treatment of clubfoot Gait Analysis in Surgically Treated Clubfoot
Go to the Unilateral and Bilateral Studies page
Does Laterality of Deformity Influence the Severity of the Idiopathic Clubfoot? Are bilateral idiopathic clubfeet more severe than unilateral feet? A severity and treatment analysis The contralateral foot in children with unilateral clubfoot: a study of pressures and forces involved in gait.
Go to the Valgus Overcorrection Studies page
Valgus Overcorrection NOTE: The above paper looked at older feet (18y+) treated with surgical correction.
The Overcorrected Clubfoot in Children
Pain and overcorrection in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity in the Adult Patient NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
NOTE: The above paper details a surgical approach to treatment for valgus overcorrection in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's.
Go to the Vertical Talus (Congenital) - Congenital Rocker Bottom page
Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method Diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in congenital vertical talus Congenital Vertical Talus Vertical Talus: Mid-Term Results of Surgical Therapy Minimally invasive approach for the treatment of non-isolated congenital vertical talus. Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery. Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Matthew B Dobbs Jose A Morcuende Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA
The 97 most frequently used keywords in published articles on clubfoot - Clubfoot from past to the present: A bibliometric analysis with global productivity and research trends - 2023 - Hakan Yolaçan, MD, Serkan Güler, MD, Ramadan Özmanevra, MD
Go to the Dr. Ponseti's Studies page
Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Matthew B Dobbs, Jose A Morcuende Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA Ponseti IV. Late recurrence of clubfoot deformity: a 45-year followup. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA, Ponseti IV Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment. Ponseti IV. The effect of the internet in the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Jose A Morcuende, Martin Egbert, Ignacio V Ponseti The Ponseti technique for correction of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV .(this is a letter to the editor from Dr. Ponseti clarifying how his techniques had been misinterpreted by others in their studies. I can not find a full text of this. If you know of a source, or even have the text saved please share with us!) Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment Ignacio V Ponseti Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: an historical review. Dobbs MB, Morcuende JA Ponseti IV Clubfoot management. Ponseti IV. Correction of the talar neck angle in congenital clubfoot with sequential manipulation and casting I.V. Ponseti Common errors in the treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV Treatment of congenital club foot. Ponseti IV. A radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 -
I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein
Congenital club foot in the human fetus. A histological study Ponseti IV. Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot. Ponseti IV. Observations on pathogenesis and treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV , Campos J.The Classic: Congenital Club Foot: The Results of Treatment Ignacio V. Ponseti, MD Note: This is the paper that was ignored by nearly every Orthopaedic Surgeon world wide for over 35 years
The 30 Year Study (that fueled the parental revolution and was the inspiration for Dr. Ponseti's book, Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment ,
Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method Clubfoot In History Ponseti Method Training
Go to the Achilles Tenotomy Studies page
Well though-out introduction of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy during functional treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Which indications produce the best results? MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy under local anaesthetic in the clubfoot clinic was safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, for both children and parents Effect of Achilles tendon on kinematic coupling relationship between tarsal bones: a pilot finite element study Lengthening of Achilles Tendon from the Percutaneous Tenotomy Procedure in Ponseti’s Method Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Confirmation of Tenotomy Healing at 3 Weeks Using the Ponseti Protocol Early management of clubfoot by the Ponseti method with complete percutaneous tenotomy of tendoachillis A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Extended Ponseti method for failed tenotomy in idiopathic clubfeet: a pilot study Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Percutaneous heel cord release for clubfoot: a retrospective, multicentre cost analysis Frequency of percutaneous achilles tenotomy in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the ponseti method Percutaneous achillotomy in the treatment of congenital clubfoot: should it be performed in the operating theater or the polyclinic? Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Early Results of a New Technique of Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfoot: The Posterior to Anterior Controlled (PAC) Techniques Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up The impact of the early tenotomy of the Achilles tendon on the length and results of the treatment of severe forms of congenital clubfoot A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Experience with Ponseti Protocol and Achilles Tenotomy in the management of Clubfoot at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria Initial Correction Predicts the Need for Secondary Achilles Tendon Procedures in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated With Ponseti Casting A mini-open technique for Achilles tenotomy in infantswith clubfoot Sept 2015 Comparative results of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy to combined open Achilles tenotomy with posterior capsulotomy in the correction of equinus deformity in congenital talipes equinovarus Lateral Tibiocalcaneal Angle As a Determinant for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfeet Reliability of radiographic measures in infants with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study Propofol sedation for infants with idiopathic clubfoot undergoing percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for Tendo-achillis Release in cases of Clubfoot – Technical Note See a video showing the Needle Tenotomy procedure
Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure: safety and efficacy as part of the Ponseti serial casting protocol for clubfoot Multiple tenotomies after Ponseti method for management of severe rigid clubfoot Safety of percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy performed under general anesthesia on infants with idiopathic clubfoot Analytical radiography of clubfoot after tenotomy Predicting the need for tenotomy in the Ponseti method for correction of clubfeet
Botox for tendon lengthening. Using Botox to Treat Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot
Botulinum toxin in treatment of clubfoot relapse - Patent application by Chrinstine Alvarez - status: Abandoned
Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Placebo for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Two-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Early ultrasonographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet treated with manipulations, casts, and Botox®: A double-blind randomized control trial Onabotulinumtoxin A injections: a safety review of children with clubfoot under 2 years of age at BC Children's Hospital Harpreet The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study The Use of Botulinum Type A Toxin in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: 5-year Follow-up Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Utilizing Botulinum A Toxin A New Method and its Short-term Outcomes
Go to the Age When Treatment Begins Studies page
*See the "Neglected Clubfoot" section for papers studying the Ponseti Method for children of walking age, or older.
Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Timing for Ponseti clubfoot management: does the age matter? 90 children (131 feet) with a mean follow-up of 5 years Early application of the Ponseti casting technique for clubfoot correction in sick infants at the neonatal intensive care unit Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) by Ponseti Casting Technique in Neonates: Our Experience Does Clubfoot Treatment Need to Begin As Soon As Possible? Lewis Zionts, Treatment of Clubfoot with the Ponseti Method: Should We Begin Casting in the Newborn Period or Later? Ponseti Method: Does Age at the Beginning of Treatment Make a Difference?
Go to the Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT page
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet Lateral Cuneiform Ossification and Tibialis Anterior Tendon Width in Children Ages 3 to 6: Implications for Interference Screw Fixation of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfers in Children. Lateral Intra-Articular Transposition of the Anterior Tibialis Tendon for the Treatment of Relapsed Clubfoot in Toddlers: A Previously Unreported Surgical Technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Anterior tibial tendon transfer in residual dynamic clubfoot deformity Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet Anterior tibial tendon transfer in relapsing congenital clubfoot: long-term follow-up study of two series treated with a different protocol -
Go to the Biology and Etiology of Clubfoot Studies page
Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Novel contribution to clubfoot pathogenesis: The possible role of extracellular matrix proteins The congenital clubfoot – immunohistological analysis of the extracellular matrix Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes -Matthew B Dobbs
Go to the Bracing Studies page
"The goal of the extensive bracing regime is to prevent recurrence by opposing the deforming forces at the medial ankle–foot joints that persist or reoccur after initial correction of the clubfoot" (Ponseti 2002, Dobbs and Gurnett 2009, Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017).
Bracing Comparisons
Design and evaluation of a unilateral brace for preventing clubfoot relapse: A prospective study The influence of brace type on the success rate of the Ponseti treatment protocol for idiopathic clubfoot A modification of the Ponseti method for clubfoot management: a prospective comparative study The foot external rotation above knee (FERAK) brace versus the Denis Browne brace for management of idiopathic clubfoot following Ponseti casting: a randomized controlled trial Is unilateral lower leg orthosis with acircular foot unit in the treatment ofidiopathic clubfeet a reasonable bracing alternative in the Ponseti method? Five-year results of a supraregional paediatric-orthopaedic centre Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Foot Abduction Brace/Bar (FAB, BnB, Boots & Bar, DBB)
Development of a functional prototype of a SMART (Sensor-integrated for Monitoring And Remote Tracking) foot abduction brace for clubfoot treatment: a pre-clinical evaluation Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: Results of Treatment and Are We Bracing Effectively? Foot abduction brace noncompliance in children with idiopathic clubfoot: how the deep squatting posture might help Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Effect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Perspective Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Bracing in clubfoot: do we know enough? June 2019 - C. AlvesEffect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Open-Source Three-Dimensional Printable Infant Clubfoot Brace Project: The Do-It-Yourself approach and open source solutions applied to all fields of our life (even for research purposes) The foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Is the same brace fit for all? The length of abduction bar in Steenbeek foot abduction brace for Indian children—A pilot study Steenbeek foot abduction brace for clubfoot: Cost-effective but is it effective? A prospective study The Dynamicity of Steenbeek Foot Abduction Brace for Clubfoot in Dorsiflexion and Pronation: A Pilot Study Factors predicting brace noncompliance among idiopathic clubfoot patients treated with the Ponseti method Factors affecting adherence with foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti method Prospective evaluation of the use of Mitchell shoes and dynamic abduction brace for idiopathic clubfeet The Ponseti method of treatment for clubfoot in Brazil: barriers to bracing compliance Orthosis Noncompliance After the Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfeet: A Relevant Problem That Needs Reevaluation Positive Communication Paradigm Decreases Early Recurrence in Clubfoot Treatment ** Elizabeth A Szalay Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Experience With the Mitchell-Ponseti Brace Lewis Zionts, Bracing in the treatment of children with clubfoot: past, present, and future 2010 - Lajja Desai, BSE, Florin Oprescu, MD, PhD, Andrew DiMeo, PhD,* and Jose A Morcuende, MD, PhD Bracing Following Correction of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Dietz, Frederick R. MD Improved bracing compliance in children with clubfeet using a dynamic orthosis. Effect of cultural factors on outcome of Ponseti treatment of clubfeet in rural America ** Szalay EA , Bosch PP, Sweet KR, Schwend RMSedation protocols for Ponseti clubfoot Achilles tenotomy Foot abduction brace in the Ponseti method for idiopathic clubfoot deformity: torsional deformities and compliance A new dynamic foot abduction orthosis for clubfoot treatment. Matthew Dobbs Use of the foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti casts: is it essential? Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet Matthew B Dobbs, Early results of the Ponseti method using the Steenbek foot abduction brace: A prospective study of 95 feet Bracing Time/Length & Compliance
Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in Uganda Use of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use Exploring Bracing Adherence in Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot: A Comparative Study of Factors and Outcomes in UgandaUse of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Scores in Pediatric Patients With Arthrogryposis Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Design and descriptive data of the randomized Clubfoot Foot Abduction Brace Length of Treatment Study (FAB24) Matthew B Dobbs, Steven L Frick, Vincent S Mosca The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Prolonged use of foot abduction brace reduces the rate of surgery in Ponseti-treated idiopathic club feet A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Reported and Measured Wear Rates in Clubfoot Bracing Using a Novel Pressure Sensor Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism (ADM) ADM prospective studies *This is not a published paper or confirmed study; but it might be ongoing. If you wish to participate see this page and email the study contact. Feasibility of Other Orthosis for Talipes (FOOT) trial
Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)
Go to the Casting Studies page
Conventional Versus Accelerated Ponseti in the Management of Cases of Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Synthetic Cast Material Versus Plaster of Paris for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Protocol: A Comparative Analysis of 136 Feet Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study Treatment for Clubfoot: Stockinette Versus Webril Cast Padding in the Ponseti Method Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method – Parental distress during plaster casting Ponseti casting for clubfoot - fiberglass or plaster casting? A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Proposal of an innovative casting technique for correction of clubfoot according to Ponseti method: a pilot study Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Treatment of Clubfoot With Ponseti Method Using Semirigid Synthetic Softcast Comparison of cast materials for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: a prospective randomized controlled trial Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Ponseti casting A NEW SOFT OPTION Treatment of clubfoot with the Ponseti method: a comparison of casting materials Effect of Cast Removal Timing in the Correction of Idipoathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Jose A Morcuende Ponseti versus traditional methods of casting for idiopathic clubfoot. J Herzenberg Parent satisfaction comparing two bandage materials used during serial casting in infants. Mechanical properties and material characteristics of orthopaedic casting material. Accelerated or "Fast" Casting
Original versus Accelerated Ponseti Techniques in Treatment of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique Accelerated Ponseti method: First experiences in a more convenient technique for patients with severe idiopathic club feet Results of a Standard versus an Accelerated Ponseti Protocol for Clubfoot: A Prospective Randomized Study ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Traditional and accelerated Ponseti technique: a comparative study An accelerated Ponseti versus the standard Ponseti method A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA , Ponseti IV .
Go to the Complex and Atypical Clubfoot Studies page
Management of complex idiopathic clubfoot using modified Ponseti method Outcome of Atypical & Complex Clubfoot Managed by Modified Ponseti Method—A Prospective Study Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review Complex Clubfoot Treatment With Ponseti Method: A Latin American Multicentric Study Clinical outcomes of iatrogenic complex clubfoot treated with modified Ponseti method Using the modied Ponseti method to treat complex clubfoot: early results Challenging clubfeet: The arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot Evaluation of modified Ponseti technique in treatment of complex clubfeet Complex iatrogenic clubfoot: is it a real entity? Treatment of complex idiopathic clubfoot using the modified Ponseti method: up to 11 years follow-up Atypical clubfoot: Early identification and treatment by modification of the standard Ponseti Technique Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Jose A Morcuende Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities
Go to the Clubfoot Score/Assessments and Classifications Studies (Severity) page
Clubfoot Severity Scoring/Classification (initial assessment)
Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? Predictive ability of scoring systems towards casting in treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method in infants Assessment of severity of clubfoot in walking children by combined multiple tools: A new classification system Correlation of age and severity scores to the number of Ponseti casts in Indian infants with clubfeet Clinical examination and classification systems of congenital clubfoot: a narrative review Prediction of Number of Casts and Need of Tenotomy Using Pirani Score in the Management of Clubfoot Dimeglio Score Predicts Treatment Difficulty During Ponseti Casting for Isolated Clubfoot Correlation of scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction in the older child Ponseti Method of Correction of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Deformity Under Two Year of Age Using Dimeglio Scoring System Are scoring systems useful for predicting results of treatment for clubfoot using the ponseti method? Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Interobserver Reliability of Pirani Clubfoot Severity Scoring between an Orthopedic Surgeon, a Resident Doctor, and a Nonmedical Counsellor at a Clubfoot Clinic Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method The Role of Pirani Scoring in Predicting the Frequency of Casting and the Need for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Comparison of Dimeglio and Pirani score in predicting number of casts and need for tenotomy in clubfoot correction using the Ponseti method Developing a Three-Dimensional (3D) Assessment Method for Clubfoot—A Study Protocol Classification Systems to Evaluate the Clubfoot and Their Potential Use to Predict the Course and the Results of the Ponseti Method Treatment Significance Of Pirani Score at Bracing-Implications for Recognizing A Corrected Clubfoot The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Different Levels of Deformity Severity The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Diferent Levels of Deformity Severity Use of the Pirani score in monitoring progression of correction and in guiding indications for tenotomy in the Ponseti method: Are we comingto the same decisions? Correlation of Pirani score and Foot bimalleolar angle in the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus by Ponseti method in infants The Pirani Scoring System is Effective in Assessing Severity and Monitoring Treatment of Clubfeet in Children The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Interobserver reliability in Pirani clubfoot severity scoring between a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon and a physiotherapy assistant Clubfoot: The Treatment Outcome Using Quantitative Assessment of Deformity Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Clubfoot classification: correlation with Ponseti cast treatment A Reliable and Valid Method of Assessing the Amount of Deformity in the Congenital Clubfoot Deformity S. Pirani, The role of the Pirani scoring system in the management of club foot by the Ponseti method The classification of congenital talipes equinovarus A method of evaluating the virgin clubfoot with substantial inter-observer reliability. Presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Annual Meeting 1995, Miami, Florida ,An independent assessment of two clubfoot-classification systems Classification of clubfoot Diméglio A Ultrasound Assessment of Clubfoot Severity
Assessment of the severity of club foot in neonates treated by the ponseti method in correlation with ultrasonography and foot bimalleolar angle Radiography and sonography of clubfoot: A comparative study The Role of Ultrasound in Clubfoot Treatment: Correlation with the Pirani Score and Assessment of the Ponseti Method Ultrasound evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment: a preliminary report Clubfoot Assessment (after treatment)
Remote monitoring of clubfoot treatment with digital photographs in low resource settings: Is it accurate? The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot Evaluation of a simple tool to assess the results of Ponseti treatment for use by clubfoot therapists: a diagnostic accuracy study The Bangla clubfoot tool: A repeatability study
Go to the Delayed Presenting Clubfoot - DPC (Neglected & Untreated) Clubfoot Studies page
**Clubfoot is often left untreated in some underdeveloped nations and it can take some years to begin treatment. Usually patients are over 6 months to a year old, but often they are much older.
Soft Tissue Release for Neglected Clubfoot: One-year Clinical Outcome An analysis of treatment outcome following classical Ponseti technique in older children with clubfoot – A concept stretched too far? Neglected clubfoot treated by serial casting: a narrative review on how possibility takes over disability Changes in the Foot After Two Years of Deformity Correction in Neglected Clubfeet Treated With Modified Ponseti Technique Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Successfully Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Case Report of an Adult Patient who Started Treatment at 26 Years of Age Correction of the Neglected Clubfoot in the Adolescent and Adult Patient Successful Treatment of Neglected Clubfeet in 10 Cases Using Ponseti Method, with Outcomes after 8 Years Ponseti Method After Walking Age - A Multi-Centric Study of 429 Feet: Results, Possible Treatment Modifications and Outcomes According to Age Groups - Project: THE PONSETI METHOD IN NEGLECTED CLUBFOOT Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Results of Modified Ponseti Technique in Difficult Clubfoot and a review of literature The Ponseti method of clubfoot treatment in walking age children: is it effective? A study of 56 children from 1 to 10 years of age Modified Ponseti technique for management of neglected clubfeet Result of Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Technique: A Case Study of Zero Clubfoot Project in Bangladesh NOTE: This paper follows a 24 year old untreated/neglected university student treated with Ponseti Method
Outcomes of the Ponseti Method for Untreated Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients Seen Between the Ages of One and Five Years and Followed for at Least 10 Years Evaluation of Ponseti method in neglected clubfoot Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique in Children Presenting After One Year of Age The Ponseti method in the treatment of children with idiopathic clubfoot presenting between five and ten years of age Can Selective Soft Tissue Release and Cuboid Osteotomy Correct Neglected Clubfoot? Management of idiopathic clubfoot in toddlers by Ponseti's method Ponseti's manipulation in neglected clubfoot in children more than 7 years of age: A prospective evaluation of 25 feet with long-term follow-up Ponseti Method for Untreated Idiopathic Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients From 1 to 6 Years of Age Correction of neglected idiopathic club foot by the Ponseti method Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities The Neglected Clubfoot Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame
Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method
Go to the Development & Motor Skills Studies page
Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, Foot Involvement, Gait, and Foot Motion Does idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus have an impact on attainment of developmental milestones? A multicentre international study Gross Motor Function at 10 Years of Age in Children With Clubfoot Following the French Physical Therapy Method and the Ponseti Technique Clubfoot Does Not Impair Gross Motor Development in 5-Year-Olds Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, FootInvolvement, Gait, and Foot Motion A Longitudinal Review of Gait Following Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: Gait Analysis at 2 and 5 Years of Age The Relationship Between Gait, Gross Motor Function, and Parental Perceived Outcome in Children With Clubfeet Walking Age of Infants with Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Athletic Ability of School-Age Children After Satisfactory Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot Achievement of gross motor milestones in children with idiopathic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method
Go to the External Frame Studies page
Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators/Taylor Spacial Frame
The use of external fixation for the correction of recurrent clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method
Go to the False Positives or Missed Positives for Clubfoot on Ultrasound page
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes Prenatal detection and postnatal outcome of congenital talipes equinovarus in 106 fetuses Outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated clubfoot
Go to the Flat Top Talus Studies page
Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I Riccio
Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I RiccioFlat Top Talus in the Bot Foot Congenital Idiopathic Equine Varus Keywords: Flat top talus-Equine idiopathic clubfoot varus-Tenotomy Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies Functional Implications of the Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Assessment of Talar Flattening in Adult Idiopathic Clubfoot Idiopathic Flat-top Talus J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002When does the flat-top talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging at three months of age Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet Talar Deformity & Flattening Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review
Go to the Foot Bones (Talus) Studies page
Flat-Top/Flattened Talus/Talar Dome
Functional Implications of Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity - March 2023 - Matthew J Siebert, Jacob R Zide, Claire Shivers, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Wilshaw Stevens, Justine Borchard, Anthony I RiccioFlat Top Talus in the Bot Foot Congenital Idiopathic Equine Varus Keywords: Flat top talus-Equine idiopathic clubfoot varus-Tenotomy Flat-top talus after clubfoot treatment: a systematic review of aetiology, prevalence and management strategies Functional Implications of the Flat-Topped Talus Following Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Deformity Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Assessment of Talar Flattening in Adult Idiopathic Clubfoot Idiopathic Flat-top Talus J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002When does the flat-top talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot: evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging at three months of age Flat-top talus. A long-term report of twenty club feet Talar Deformity & Flattening
Radiological tarsal bone morphology in adolescent age of congenital clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method The impact of different types of talus deformation after treatment of clubfeet Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review
Go to the Foot Length & Calf Muscle Discrepancy Studies page
Development of foot length in children with congenital clubfoot up to 7 years of age: a prospective follow-up study Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Anthropometric measurements in Ponseti treated clubfeet Calf Circumference Discrepancies in Patients With Unilateral Clubfoot Ponseti Versus Surgical Release Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot
Go to the Gait Studies page
Kinematic Gait Impairments in Children with Clubfeet Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Muscle-tendon properties and functional gait outcomes in clubfoot patients with and without a relapse compared to typically developing children Forefoot adduction and forefoot supination as kinematic indicators of relapse clubfoot This is a narrative review of the functional evaluation of clubfoot treatment with gait analysis Foot function during gait and parental perceived outcome in older children with symptomatic club foot deformity Gait kinetics in children with clubfeet treated surgically or with the Ponseti method: A meta-analysis Gait in 5-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot: A cohort study of 59 children, focusing on foot involvement and the contralateral foot Results of Gait Analysis Including the Oxford Foot Model in Children with Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Gait analysis after initial nonoperative treatment for clubfeet: intermediate term followup at age 5 Lower extremity characteristics in recurrent clubfoot: Clinical and gait analysis findings that may influence decisions for additional surgery Gait analysis and muscle strength in children with surgically treated clubfeet Evaluation of Residual Clubfoot Deformities Using Gait Analysis Cause of Toe-in Gait After Posteromedial Release for Congenital Clubfoot Gait Analysis in Surgically Treated Clubfoot
Go to the General Clubfoot Studies & Ponseti vs Surgery Studies page
Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method
Clubfoot In History
Ponseti Method Training
General, Non-Specific, & Ponseti vs Surgery Clubfoot Research and Articles
Baskar, Danika, Pooya Hosseinzadeh, Vincent Mosca, et al. “Dynamic Supination in Congenital Clubfoot: A Modified Delphi Panel Approach to Standardizing Definitions and Indications for Treatment.” Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 42, no. 5 (2022): e459–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000002119.
Pearls to Address Challenges in Initial Casting Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot Author links open overlay panel
Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Technique: Our Experience Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes A Prospective Study on Functional Outcomes of Serial Cast Correction in Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) by Ponseti Method Determining the Optimal Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot General information Publication type Journal Article Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clubfoot program at tertiary care institute Clubfoot treatment in China before and after the advent of the Ponseti technique: a historical narrative review Clubfoot in children: An overview Evaluation of effectiveness of Ponseti's method in the clubfoot management under 1-year children: a prospective study The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV) Quantification of Ankle Dorsiflexion in Ponseti-managed Unilateral Clubfoot Patients During Early Childhood Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells:a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method—parental distress during plaster casting What a paediatrician (pediatrician) should know about congenital clubfoot Adherence to the Ponseti method by family members as a determinant in the success of club foot treatment A polyaxial fixation brace for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in newborns NOTE: this is not a brace for maintaining a corrected clubfoot. This is experimental for corrections. A Modified Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Rigid Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Additional challenges in children with idiopathic clubfoot: is it just the foot? Role of Talectomy in Severe Resistant Clubfoot in Children Clubfoot treatment in 2015: A global perspective An Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of the Ponseti Method in Clubfoot Treatment Idiopathic clubfoot treated by Ponseti method: a series of 300 cases Ponseti method is superior to surgical treatment in clubfoot - Long-term, randomized, prospective trial Evaluation of outcome of treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by ponseti technique of manipulation and serial plaster casting Guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of primary idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Dietz, Frederick R The use of electric stimulation in treating clubfoot in newborn infants Comparison of the Ponseti method versus early tibialis anterior tendon transfer for idiopathic clubfoot: A prospective randomized study Role of Foot Abduction and Heel Angle in Equinus Correction in Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Pilot Study The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Feasibility and barriers of treating clubfeet in four countries Ponseti Casting for Severe Club Foot Deformity: Are Clinical Outcomes Promising? The effect of a dedicated Ponseti service on the outcome of idiopathic clubfoot treatment Congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus: an evaluation in infants treated by the Ponseti method Comparison of the short-term and long-termresults of the Ponseti method in the treatmentof idiopathic pes equinovarus Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende Descriptive Epidemiology of Idiopathic Clubfoot The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique of Manipulation and Serial Plaster Casting and Its Critical Evaluation The Current Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Revisited Results of a Survey of the POSNA Membership Zionts, Lewis E. MD Morcuende, Jose A. MD Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus A comprehensive outcome comparison of surgical and Ponseti clubfoot treatments with reference to pediatric norms John E. Herzenberg, Mid-term Results of Ponseti Method for the treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot - (A Study of 67 Clubfeet with Mean Five Year Follow-Up) Ponseti method compared with surgical treatment of clubfoot: a prospective comparison Has the rate of extensive surgery to treat idiopathic clubfoot declined in the United States? Zionts LE Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Update on Clubfoot: Etiology and Treatment Matthew B. Dobbs Ponseti management of clubfoot in older infants John E Herzenberg Steven L Frick Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Prevention of Late Deformity and Disability by Conservative Treatment With the Ponseti Technique Jose A Morcuende Treatment of idiopathic club foot using the Ponseti method: Initial experience Early experience with the Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Radical reduction in the rate of extensive corrective surgery for clubfoot using the Ponseti method. Morcuende JA , Dolan LA, Dietz FR, Ponseti IV . Nonsurgical Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Evaluation of the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by using the Ponseti method.. .Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet. Dobbs MB Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. Talipes equinovarus and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Washington state Clubfoot: what have we learned in the last quarter century?
Go to the Genetics Studies, Hereditary & Other Risk Factors with Associated Clubfoot page
Association Between TPM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Risk in a Chinese Population Co-occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub-Saharan African cohort: Whole-exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes Analysis OF C677T polymorphism in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene as a risk factor for congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Clubfoot deformity in the Solomon Islands: Melanesian versus Polynesian ethnicity, a retrospective cohort study Evaluation of genetic susceptibility of common variants in SOX9 in patients with congenital talipes equinovarus in the Han Chinese population Rare and de novo duplications containing SHOX in clubfoot Whole‑exome sequencing study identifies two novel rare variations associated with congenital talipes equinovarus Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot The genetics of isolated and syndromic clubfoot Dobbs MB Expanded Age Indication for Ponseti Method for Correction of Congenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus: A Systematic Review The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Genetics of clubfoot; recent progress and future perspectives Functional Assessment of Clubfoot Associated HOXA9, TPM1, and TPM2 Variants Suggests a Potential Gene Regulation Mechanism. A systematic review of association studies of common variants associated with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) in humans in the past 30 years Three novel missense mutations in the filamin B gene are associated with isolated congenital talipes equinovarus Etiopathogenesis of equinovarus foot malformations Genome-wide association study identifies new disease loci for isolated clubfoot Matthew B Dobbs , Christina A GurnettConsanguineous marriage and increased risk of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a case-control study in a rural area Copy number analysis of 413 isolated talipes equinovarus patients suggests role for transcriptional regulators of early limb development Steven L Frick, John E Herzenberg, Matthew B Dobbs SOX9 overexpression plays a potential role in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Possible role of GLI3 gene in the pathogenesis of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Pitx1 haploinsufficiency causes clubfoot in humans and a clubfoot-like phenotype in mice Matthew B. Dobbs , and Christina A. GurnettCongenital talipes equinovarus--family occurrence Parental consanguinity and associated factors in congenital talipes equinovarus Familial Isolated Clubfoot Is Associated with Recurrent Chromosome 17q23.1q23.2 Microduplications Containing TBX Matthew B. Dobbs , and Christina A. GurnettCongenital talipes equinovarus in Papua New Guinea: a difficult yet potentially manageable situation Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Apoptotic gene analysis in idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) NAT2 variation and idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Pedigree analysis and epidemiological features of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in the United Kingdom: a case-control study Association and mutation analysis of GLI3 gene in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Variation in CASP10 gene is associated with idiopathic talipes equinovarus Analysis of association between 5' HOXD gene and idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Genetics of club foot in Maori and Pacific people Epidemiology and genetic theories in the etiology of congenital talipes equinovarus Congenital talipes in Malaysian neonates: incidence, pattern and associated factors Associated Risk Factors (potential)
Association between maternal age at conception and risk of idiopathic clubfoot Smoking, the xenobiotic pathway, and clubfoot Maternal smoking and the risk for clubfoot in infants Family history, maternal smoking, and clubfoot: an indication of a gene-environment interaction
Go to the Hip Dysplasia Clubfoot Studies page
This website has comprehensive information about hip ultrasound results. Radiology Assistant
Routine ultrasound screening for hip dysplasia in children with clubfoot is not supported
Is foot deformity associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip? The prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in idiopathic clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis Is congenital talipes equinovarus a risk factor for pathological dysplasia of the hip? Is it worthwhile to routinely ultrasound screen children with idiopathic clubfoot for hip dysplasia? Prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children with clubfoot Is it worthwhile to screen the hip in infants born with clubfeet? The association between clubfoot and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Clubfoot and Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Value of Screening Hip Radiographs in Children With Clubfoot
Go to the HyperMobility/HyperFlexibility Studies page
Does generalized joint hypermobility influence the Ponseti treatment of clubfoot patients? Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus
Go to the Locale Specific Studies page
Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus by Ponseti Technique: Our Experience Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Epidemiology of clubfoot in Sweden from 2016 to 2019: A national register study A survey on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) managed by the Ponseti technique at Mulago Hospital - Uganda A Community Audit of 300 "Drop-Out" Instances in Children Undergoing Ponseti Clubfoot Care in Bangladesh-What Do the Parents Say? Evaluation of the Outcomes of Ponseti Method in the Treatment of Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Deformity in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan: A Descriptive Study Clinical, Radiological, Pedobarographic, and Quality of Life Outcomes of the Ponseti Treatment for Clubfoot: A Prospective Study from Iran Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Method: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Five Year Experience Ponseti Method in Brazil,: First Ten Years of a Clubfoot Website - Users Profile Talipes equinovarus or Clubfoot: A review of study approaches, management and trends in Pakistan The role of clubfoot training programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review Congenital clubfoot in Europe: A population-based study Clinical outcomes and risk-factor analysis of the Ponseti Method in a low-resource setting: Clubfoot care in Haiti Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Ponseti Technique for the Management of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in a Rural Set-Up in India: Experience of 356 Patients Walk for life - the National Clubfoot Project of Bangladesh: the four-year outcomes of 150 congenital clubfoot cases following Ponseti method Descriptive epidemiology and predisposing factors to idiopathic talipes equinovarus in South South Nigeria - A cross-sectional study investigating impressions and opinions of medical rehabilitation professionals on the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treatment of clubfoot in Harare, Zimbabwe The impact of the Ponseti treatment method on parents and caregivers of children with clubfoot: a comparison of two urban populations in Europe and Africa Ponseti method compared to previous treatment of clubfoot in Norway. A multicenter study of 205 children followed for 8–11 years Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation The Bangladesh clubfoot project: audit of 2-year outcomes of Ponseti treatment in 400 children Brazil - Treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method: ten years of experience Towards effective Ponseti clubfoot care: the Uganda Sustainable Clubfoot Care Project Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population - Results of manipulation of idiopathic clubfoot deformity in Malawi by orthopaedic clinical officers using the Ponseti method: a realistic alternative for the developing world?
Go to the Long-Term Follow Up Studies page
Clubfoot Correction with Ponseti Technique: Three-Dimensional Alignment Analysis and Residual Adult Deformity Effects on Patient-Reported Outcomes Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.
Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes Successful Ponseti-treated Clubfeet at Age 2 Years: What Is the Rate of Surgical Intervention After This? A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? Comparison of ponseti method versus surgical treatment in congenital idiopathic clubfoot: A 5-year follow up study Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse Does the Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Stand Up to the March of Time? Commentary on an article by Lewis E. Zionts, MD, et al.: “Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse” - Letts, R. Mervyn MD, MSc, FRCSCa
Functional Outcomes Following Treatment for Clubfoot: Ten-Year Follow-up December 2018 - Kelly A Jeans, Lori A. Karol, Ashley L. Erdman, Wilshaw StevensThe Ponseti Method Decreased the Surgical Incidence in Children with Congenital Clubfoot A Population-Based, 8 Birth-Year Cohort Study Plantar Pressures After Nonoperative Treatment for Clubfoot: Intermediate Follow-up at Age 5 Years Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus (3 year old limit on conservative approaches, this study's results should be considered suspect and an outlier) Ponseti treatment for idiopathic clubfoot: minimum 5-year followup John E Herzenberg Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: Minimum 2-year follow-up. Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note.
Go to the Non-Idiopathic Studies (Syndromic) & Clubfoot Associated (Neuro, Genetic, etc.) page
Click into the heading below for more information from this paper
The following is a listing of non-idiopathic conditions from the sample of participants from the above research paper. All the patients were treated at Shriners St. Louis by Dr. Matthew Dobbs.
This is not an exhaustive list of associated or concurrent conditions , however it may help you understand the incidence of each listed condition in a sample of 84 total participants with an additional condition other than clubfoot. Please see the Discussion portion of the study linked above for more detailed information on rates seen in studies from global samples published before 2008. Rates for idiopathic vs non-idiopathic have been identified in other research since this paper was published and the general consensus at the time of this writing is that about 20% of clubfoot is non-idiopathic.
Etiologies of non-idiopathic CTEV (additional malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes)
Central nervous system, n (%) 12/84 (14)
Dandy Walker 2
Spinal cord, n (%) 19/84 (23)
Muscle, n (%) 15/84 (18)
Chromosomal abnormality, n (%) 10/84 (12)
Known genetic syndromes, n (%) 5/84 (6)
Costello syndrome 1
Probable genetic syndrome, n (%) 19/84 (23) Orthopedic n (%) (fibular hemimelia, polydactyly, hip dysplasia, ulnar longitudinal deficiency) 6/84 (7) Multiple congenital anomaly 13/84 (15) Amniotic band sequence, n (%) 4/84 (5)
Non-idiopathic Clubfeet: A Current Concepts Review Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot . The Ponseti method of treatment for neuromuscular and syndromic (non-idiopathic) clubfeet: evaluation of a programme-based approach at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years January 2021 - Avi Shah, Alaric Aroojis, Rujuta MehtaClubfoot Infants Initially Thought to be Idiopathic, But Later Found Not to Be. How do They do With Nonoperative Treatment? Neurodevelopmental difficulties negatively affect health‐related quality of life in children with idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of syndrome-associated congenital talipes equinovarus using the Ponseti method: 4-12 years of follow-up A single-center prospective evaluation of the Ponseti method in nonidiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Arthrogryposis
Midterm clinical and radiological outcomes of arthrogryposis-associated clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method: a retrospective observational study and comprehensive literature review Multiple Serial Casting for Recurrent Clubfoot in Arthrogryposis Corrects Deformity With Diminishing Returns The Effectiveness of Serial Casting in the Treatment of Recurrent Equinovarus in Children With Arthrogryposis The 5-Year Outcome of the Ponseti Method in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and Arthrogryposis Nichols, Louise R. MD Challenging clubfeet: the arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot The effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis: up to 8 years follow-up Treatment of Arthrogrypotic Foot Deformities With the Taylor Spatial Frame Correction of arthrogrypotic clubfoot with a modified Ponseti technique Harold J P van Bosse Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot in distal arthrogryposis Stephanie Boehm Marc F Sinclair, Matthew B Dobbs Myelomeningocele
Osteomyelitis Secondary to Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfoot Associated with Meningomyelocele Effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele: 3-9 years follow-up Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele Matthew B Dobbs Spina Bifida Tethered Cord
Analysis of the efficacy of the Ponseti method for treatment of secondary clubfoot in young children with tethered cord syndrome Clubfoot and Tethered Cord Syndrome: Results of Treatment With the Ponseti Method Georgopoulos, Gaia MD Amniotic Band Syndrome
Club Foot with Contralateral Congenital Amniotic Band Syndrome Amputation Successfully Treated with Ponseti Method: Case Report Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Bujar Shabani, Dafina Bytyqi, Cen BytyqiThe Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfeet Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome: A Single Institution 20-Year Experience Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Importance of operative intervention in the treatment of clubfoot associated with congenital constriction Band syndrome The Effectiveness of the Ponseti Method for Treating Clubfoot Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome The Use of the Ponseti Method to Treat Clubfeet Associated With Congenital Annular Band Syndrome Zionts, Lewis E. MD Resistant talipes equinovarus associated with congenital constriction band syndrome Polydactyly
Congenital Left Foot Polydactyly in Corrected Case of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus of Left Foot Idiopathic talipes equinovarus with preaxial polydactyly of the foot: a case report Clubfoot associated with preaxial polydactyly Clubfoot, Congenital, with or without Deficiency of Long Bones and/or Mirror-Image Polydactyly; CCF Developmental Hip Dysplasia, Congenital Muscular Torticollis See the Hip Dysplasia & Clubfoot Studies
Why? - According to all but one paper listed at the link above, Developmental Hip Dysplasia (DDH) is not at any higher risk with clubfoot. Standard clinical exams (normal exam the pediatrician does to check the hips) are sufficient for any screening for DDH, and routine ultrasound screening is not considered warranted or cost effective.
Other specific disorders or conditions
Saul-Wilson Syndrome
Go to the Other Non-Surgical Methods Studies page
Multi-Method Comparisons French Functional
This is a narrative review of the functional evaluation of clubfoot treatment with gait analysis 20 years of functional treatment for clubfoot advantages and limitations compared with the Ponseti method March 2021 - Elbaum, Roberta; Noel, Brigitteb; Degueldre, Vincentb; Hallez, Mariec; Filloque, Erellec; Guerin, Virginied; Duvivier, Amandined The functional method: experience from the Robert Debré Hospital Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method The hybrid method for the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Preliminary results on 92 consecutive feet Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study Long-term Results of Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot in 187 Feet Long-term results of treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot in 187 feet: outcome of the functional "French" method, if necessary completed by soft-tissue release The French functional physical therapy method for the treatment of congenital clubfoot A Comparison of Two Nonoperative Methods of Idiopathic Clubfoot Correction: The Ponseti Method and the French Functional (Physiotherapy) Method Nonoperative clubfoot treatment using the French physical therapy method Functional treatment of clubfoot: a new series of 350 idiopathic clubfeet with long-term follow-up Results of physical therapy for idiopathic clubfoot: a long-term follow-up study Copenhagen Ram's Taping Kite
Assessment of Efficacy of Ponseti and Kite’s Method of Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Comparative Study Evaluation of Kite and Ponseti methods in the treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for congenital Talipes Equino using the Pirani scoring system Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. Conservative Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Kite versus Ponseti Method Nonoperative Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot
Use of Ponseti's technique in recurrent clubfeet following Kite's method of correction Others
Go to the Other Talipes Types - Vertical Talus (Rocker Bottom), Calcaneovalgus, Calcaneovarus, Etc. page
Congenital Vertical Talus Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method Congenital Vertical Talus Prenatal congenital vertical talus (rocker bottom foot): a marker for multisystem anomalies Congenital Vertical Talus Etiology and Management The talar axis-first metatarsal base angle in CVT treatment: a comparison of idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases treated with the Dobbs method Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Single stage surgical correction of congenital vertical talus by complete subtalar release and peritalar reduction by using the Cincinnati incision
Go to the Physical Abilities & Sport Studies page
Sport Ability during Walking Age in Clubfoot-Affected Children after Ponseti Method: A Case-Series Study Walking capacity of children with clubfeet in primary school: Something to worry about?
Go to the Physiotherapy Studies (PT) page
The effectiveness of three-phase physiotherapy program in children with clubfoot after Ponseti treatment Congenital clubfoot: Ponseti method and its applicability by the physical therapist Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Early results of a physiotherapist-delivered Ponseti service for the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus foot deformity
Go to the Relapse & Recurrent Clubfoot Studies page
Early clubfoot recurrence can lead to more frequent and earlier second recurrences Conclusion: This study suggests that early clubfoot recurrence leads to more frequent subsequent recurrence and earlier second recurrence. Patients with early recurrence had comparatively lower outcome scores, primarily due to multiple recurrences. Care providers could use this knowledge to educate parents about the natural history of recurrent clubfeet and emphasize the importance of brace compliance and routine monitoring.
Early Predictors of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Clubfoot Treated by Ponseti Method Conclusion: Ponseti treatment method is a safe and satisfactory method for congenital idiopathic clubfoot with long term effectiveness. Recurrences mainly occurred due to noncompliance with foot abduction brace. Recurrences can also be treated by same method.
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Increased Collagen Crosslinking in Stiff Clubfoot Tissue: Implications for the Improvement of Therapeutic Strategies Updates in the Surgical Management of Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity: a Scoping Review Prognostic factors for recurrent idiopathic clubfoot deformity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: To understand what Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition is, this article from Dr. Vincent Mosca has a video showing the surgery to remove the tissue between the tarsal bones in a child who does not have clubfoot. Talocalcaneal coalition resection
Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Relapse Pattern in Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique -A Prospective Observational Study from Kerala, India Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the, number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? NOTE: This paper discusses relapse as associated with Pirani and Dimeglio scores
Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot- derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study Can Repeated Ponseti Management for Relapsed Clubfeet Produce the Outcome Comparable With the Case Without Relapse? A Clinical Study in Term of Gait Analysis Factors Affecting Parents to ‘Drop-Out’ from Ponseti Method and Children’s Clubfoot Relapse Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Poor Evertor Muscle Activity Is a Predictor of Recurrence in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Prospective Longitudinal Study With a 5-Year Follow-up. The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot NOTE: This paper shows awesome images of what relapse looks like.
Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time A Systematic Review Zionts, Lewis E. MD Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Efficacy of Ponseti Technique in Virgin and Relapsed Clubfeet: A Comparative Study Casting Is Effective for Recurrence Following Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot Identification and treatment of residual and relapsed idiopathic clubfoot in 88 children Relapse following use of Ponseti method in idiopathic clubfoot Clubfoot relapse: does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse? Functional outcome of tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy for treatment of congenital talipes equino varus in children older than two years The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Management of clubfoot relapses with the Ponseti method: results of a survey of the POSNA members Morcuende J. Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Lewis E. Zionts, MD Classification of relapse pattern in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique Treatment Results of Late-relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Previously Treated With the Ponseti Method Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Gastrocsoleus fascial release for correction of equinus deformity in residual or relapsed clubfoot Relapsing and residual clubfoot deformities after the application of the Ponseti method: a contemporary review. Relapse of clubfoot after treatment with the Ponseti method and the function of the foot abduction orthosis Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot Matthew B. Dobbs, MD Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot What Proportion of Patients Need Extensive Surgery After Failure of the Ponseti Technique for Clubfoot? Treatment of Clubfoot With the Ponseti Method A Comparison of Casting Materials Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population.
Abstract entitled "Clubfoot Relapses: Natural History and the Effects of Foot Hyperabduction" Ignacio Ponseti, M.D., and Jose A. Morcuende M.D., Ph.D
This information was initially presented at the 4th International Clubfoot Meeting in Istanbul, Turkey and the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in Washington D.C. in 2005.
Relapse Assessment Clubfoot Relapse Surgery (Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT/ATT)
Anterior tibialis tendon transfer for the treatment of dynamic supination in patients with clubfoot. Analysis of clinical outcomes and complications Normalization of Forefoot Supination After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Dynamic Clubfoot Recurrence How Many Patients Who Have a Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method are Likely to Undergo a Tendon Transfer? Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Jose A. Morcuende, MD, PhD
NOTE: This full text paper shows both still images and video of the ATTT surgery
How Do Different Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer Techniques Influence Forefoot and Hindfoot Motion? Factors Predictive of Second Recurrence in Clubfeet Treated by Ponseti Casting Long-Term Results of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsed Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method A Follow-up of Thirty-seven to Fifty-five Years Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Plantar Pressures Following Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfers in Children With Clubfoot Nerve Structures at Risk in the Plantar Side of the Foot During Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer A Cadaver Study Herzenberg, John E. MD, FRCSC2 Relapse After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method Morcuende, José A. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet. Other Relapse Surgery
Go to the Reviews of Clubfoot Studies page
Editor Note: This literature review shows improper casts.
What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review Unilateral limb orthosis for maintenance of deformity correction following treatment of clubfoot with Ponseti technique: a systematic review Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review Idiopathic clubfoot treatment and heterogeneity of current therapeutic strategies: The Ponseti method versus the French functional method (a systematic review) A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Congenital talipes equinovarus a systematic review of relapse as a primary outcome of the Ponseti method Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time: A Systematic Review The Ponseti method in children with clubfoot after walking age – Systematic review and metanalysis of observational studies The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Systematic review and meta-analysis of global birth prevalence of clubfoot: a study protocol Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Birth prevalence of congenital talipes equinovarus in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Results of clubfoot management using the Ponseti method: do the details matter? A systematic review The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations
Go to the Rocker Bottom Deformity Studies page
Pearls to Address Challenges in Initial Casting Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot Author links open overlay panel Management of rocker-bottom deformity during Ponseti treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot The incidence and treatment of rocker bottom deformity as a complication of the conservative treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot
Go to the Scans/Imaging Studies & Articles (Ultrasound, X-Ray, MRI, CT - Mother or Child) page
Prenatal Diagnosis of Clubfoot: Where Are We Now? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Prenatal diagnosis of isolated clubfoot: Diagnostic accuracy and long-term postnatal outcomes Correlation of radiographic parameters with clinical correction in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus undergoing Ponseti treatment Sonoelastographic Findings in Clubfeet Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique "3D Digitization technique for the Assessment of clubfoot deformity in new born baby"- A Review Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Early Radiographic Changes in the Lateral Talocalcaneal Angle Following Achilles Tenotomy in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Assessment of the ankle joint in clubfeet and normal feet to the age of four years by ultrasonography Residual Equinus After the Ponseti Method: An MRI-based 3-Dimensional Analysis Radiological Assessment of Idiopathic Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique Radiographic Prognostic Factors for Selective Soft Tissue Release After Ponseti Failure in Young Pediatric Clubfoot Patients The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up Ponseti Casting Method in Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot and Its Correlation with Radiographic Features Abstract Nonoperatively Corrected Clubfoot at Age 2 Years: Radiographs Are Not Helpful in Predicting Future Relapse Flat Top Talus: Complication of Ponseti Method or Overcorrection? Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Can Radiographs Predict Outcome in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet Treated With the Ponseti Method? Radiographic Indicators of Surgery and Functional Outcome in Ponseti-Treated Clubfeet The Effect of Clinical, Radiographic and Functional Scores on the Total Score in the Evaluation of Congenital Clubfoot Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Vascular Abnormalities Correlate with Decreased Soft Tissue Volumes in Idiopathic Clubfoot Correlation between clinical outcome of surgically treated clubfeet and different radiological parameters Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Radiographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet undergoing Ponseti treatment Assessment of talus deformity by three-dimensional MRI in congenital clubfoot February The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot. CT study at maturity. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the congenital clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method. Pirani S , Zeznik L, Hodges DA radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet - October 1981 - I V Ponseti, G Y El-Khoury, E Ippolito, S L Weinstein
Go to the Study Standards Papers page
Outcome Measures in Clubfoot Development of a core outcome set for idiopathic clubfoot management a study protoco
Go to the Surgical Correction for Clubfoot Studies page
**Studies associated with initial surgical correction - Non-Ponseti Method. Some are quite old, Some do not have text at all. Full texts can usually be specifically requested.
The following link is a PDF file of a "book" compilation of many studies and papers describing mostly surgical methods and treatments for clubfoot up until the time of it's writing in 1993. There is a small section near the end discussing "conservative" treatments but does not mention any non-surgical methods by name. Dr. Ponseti is referenced 20 times, only in citations for his papers. If you want to find out more about your specific surgical method, chances are there are pictures and descriptions of it within this large document.
This document is 27MB in size and downloads as a PDF to your device by default. If you would like to load a 16mb file inline and view it in your browser without downloading the file, use this link . Due to it's size, it will first throw an error in your browser, but if you are patient it will eventually load.
Surgical management of clubfoot overcorrection: a case series NOTE: The above paper looked at older feet (18y+) treated with surgical correction.
Soft Tissue Release for Neglected Clubfoot: One-year Clinical Outcome Staged Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity With Dislocation of the Chopart Joint Using a Hexapod External Fixator and Unconventional Arthrodesis Long-term follow-up of children with a surgically treated clubfoot: Assessing the multi-segment-foot motions, dynamic plantar pressures, and functional outcomes Histological and radiographic evaluation of three common tendon transfer techniques in an un-ossified bone porcine model: implications for early anterior tibialis tendon transfers in children with clubfeet Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: To understand what Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition is, this article from Dr. Vincent Mosca has a video showing the surgery to remove the tissue between the tarsal bones in a child who does not have clubfoot. Talocalcaneal coalition resection
A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot
Evidence Favors Ponseti Management of Clubfoot A Commen tary on an article by James A.F. Recordon, MBCHB, et al.: “A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot” -
Kuo, Ken N. MD, Smith, Peter A. MD Evaluation of a surgical treatment algorithm for neglected clubfoot in low-resource settings Ponseti Casting vs. Soft Tissue Release for the Initial Treatment of Non-idiopathic Clubfoot Outcomes of Naviculectomy for Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity Plantar Pressures Following Surgical Release in Children With Clubfoot: Comparison of Posterior Release, Posteromedial Release, and Nonoperative Correction Correction of Recurrent Equinus Deformity in Surgically Treated Clubfeet by Anterior Distal Tibial Hemiepiphysiodesis Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Late Effects of Clubfoot Deformity in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Whose Initial Treatment Was an Extensive Soft-tissue Release: Topic Review and Clinical Case Series Dobbs, Matthew B. MD A comparative study of pedobarography and ankle kinematics between children with idiopathic clubfoot after a soft tissue release procedure and controls A Long-term Follow-up of Young Adults With Idiopathic Clubfoot: Does Foot Morphology Relate to Pain? Does an overcorrected clubfoot caused by surgery or by the Ponseti method behave differently? Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Growth Disturbance of the Distal Tibia in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet: Ankle Valgus and Anteflexion of the Distal Tibia Ponseti Treatment of Rigid Residual Deformity in Congenital Clubfoot After Walking Age Surgical treatment of neglected congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus after walking age in Eritrea: an Italo-Eritrean cooperation Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Radiographic Abnormalities Of The Talus In Patients With Clubfoot After Surgical Release Using The Mckay Technique Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity in the Adult Patient NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
Lateral Intra-Articular Transposition of the Anterior Tibialis Tendon for the Treatment of Relapsed Clubfoot in Toddlers: A Previously Unreported Surgical Technique Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende, The Overcorrected Clubfoot in the Adult: Evaluation and Management NOTE: The above paper looks at various "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This is not that.
Surgical Treatment of Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity NOTE: The above paper details a surgical approach to treatment for valgus overcorrection in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's.
Can Selective Soft Tissue Release and Cuboid Osteotomy Correct Neglected Clubfoot? Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy Hind-foot correction and stabilization by pins in plaster after surgical release of talipes equino varus feet in older children Is it Possible to Treat Recurrent Clubfoot with the Ponseti Technique After Posteromedial Release?: A Preliminary Study The 12-in-1 procedure for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Use of the Ponseti method for recurrent clubfoot following posteromedial release Matthew B Dobbs Comparison of long-term results between muscle-strength balancing procedure and Mckay procedure in treating congenital clubfoot Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Dorsal bunion after clubfoot surgery: outcome of reverse Jones procedure Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Clinical and Radiographic Features of Operatively Treated Stiff Clubfeet after Skeletal Maturity: Etiology of the Deformities and How to Prevent Them Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus Correcting residual deformity following clubfoot releases Patient-based outcomes following clubfoot surgery: a 16-year follow-up study Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot Long-term comparative results in patients with congenital clubfoot treated with two different protocols - July 2003 - Ippolito E, Farsetti P, Caterini R, Tudisco C.J Bone.Avascular necrosis after osteotomy of the talar neck to correct residual club-foot deformity in children. A long-term review Avascular necrosis of the talus after McKay clubfoot release for idiopathic congenital clubfoot Gait analysis and muscle strength in children with surgically treated clubfeet Orthopaedic treatment and passive motion machine: consequences for the surgical treatment of clubfoot - January 1996 - Diméglio A Cause of Toe-in Gait After Posteromedial Release for Congenital Clubfoot Deformity and disability from treated clubfoot Reoperation in treatment of clubfoot Gait Analysis in Surgically Treated Clubfoot
Go to the Unilateral and Bilateral Studies page
Does Laterality of Deformity Influence the Severity of the Idiopathic Clubfoot? Are bilateral idiopathic clubfeet more severe than unilateral feet? A severity and treatment analysis The contralateral foot in children with unilateral clubfoot: a study of pressures and forces involved in gait.
Go to the Valgus Overcorrection Studies page
Valgus Overcorrection NOTE: The above paper looked at older feet (18y+) treated with surgical correction.
The Overcorrected Clubfoot in Children
Pain and overcorrection in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Overcorrected Clubfoot Deformity in the Adult Patient NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
NOTE: The above paper looks at "overcorrection" in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's. Will need a full text version to know more. This link is not that.
NOTE: The above paper details a surgical approach to treatment for valgus overcorrection in older feet treated with surgical correction pre 2000's.
Go to the Vertical Talus (Congenital) - Congenital Rocker Bottom page
Results of treatment of congenital vertical talus by the Dobbs method Diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in congenital vertical talus Congenital Vertical Talus Vertical Talus: Mid-Term Results of Surgical Therapy Minimally invasive approach for the treatment of non-isolated congenital vertical talus. Primary outcomes of the congenital vertical talus correction using the Dobbs method of serial casting and limited surgery. Congenital vertical talus: treatment by reverse ponseti technique Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique Matthew B Dobbs Jose A Morcuende Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA
T reatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Matthew B Dobbs, Jose A Morcuende Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA Ponseti IV. Late recurrence of clubfoot deformity: a 45-year followup. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA, Ponseti IV Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment. Ponseti IV. The effect of the internet in the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot Jose A Morcuende, Martin Egbert, Ignacio V Ponseti The Ponseti technique for correction of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV .(this is a letter to the editor from Dr. Ponseti clarifying how his techniques had been misinterpreted by others in their studies. I can not find a full text of this. If you know of a source, or even have the text saved please share with us!) Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment Ignacio V Ponseti Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: an historical review. Dobbs MB, Morcuende JA Ponseti IV Clubfoot management. Ponseti IV. Correction of the talar neck angle in congenital clubfoot with sequential manipulation and casting I.V. Ponseti Common errors in the treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV Treatment of congenital club foot. Po Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot. Ponseti IV. Observations on pathogenesis and treatment of congenital clubfoot. Ponseti IV , Campos J.The Classic: Congenital Club Foot: The Results of Treatment Ignacio V. Ponseti, MD Note: This is the paper that was ignored by nearly every Orthopaedic Surgeon world wide for over 35 years
The 30 Year Study (that fueled the parental revolution and was the inspiration for Dr. Ponseti's book, Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment ,
Modification vs Strict Adherence to Ponseti Method Clubfoot In History Ponseti Method Training
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clubfoot program at tertiary care institute Clubfoot in children: An overview Evaluation of effectiveness of Ponseti's method in the clubfoot management under 1-year children: a prospective study The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV) Quantification of Ankle Dorsiflexion in Ponseti-managed Unilateral Clubfoot Patients During Early Childhood Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot-derived cells:a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method—parental distress during plaster casting What a paediatrician (pediatrician) should know about congenital clubfoot Adherence to the Ponseti method by family members as a determinant in the success of club foot treatment A polyaxial fixation brace for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in newborns NOTE: this is not a brace for maintaining a corrected clubfoot. This is experimental for corrections. A Modified Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Rigid Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot Additional challenges in children with idiopathic clubfoot: is it just the foot? Role of Talectomy in Severe Resistant Clubfoot in Children Clubfoot treatment in 2015: A global perspective An Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of the Ponseti Method in Clubfoot Treatment Idiopathic clubfoot treated by Ponseti method: a series of 300 cases Ponseti method is superior to surgical treatment in clubfoot - Long-term, randomized, prospective trial Evaluation of outcome of treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by ponseti technique of manipulation and serial plaster casting Guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of primary idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Dietz, Frederick R The use of electric stimulation in treating clubfoot in newborn infants Comparison of the Ponseti method versus early tibialis anterior tendon transfer for idiopathic clubfoot: A prospective randomized study Role of Foot Abduction and Heel Angle in Equinus Correction in Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Pilot Study The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Feasibility and barriers of treating clubfeet in four countries Ponseti Casting for Severe Club Foot Deformity: Are Clinical Outcomes Promising? The effect of a dedicated Ponseti service on the outcome of idiopathic clubfoot treatment Congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus: an evaluation in infants treated by the Ponseti method Comparison of the short-term and long-termresults of the Ponseti method in the treatmentof idiopathic pes equinovarus Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende Descriptive Epidemiology of Idiopathic Clubfoot The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique of Manipulation and Serial Plaster Casting and Its Critical Evaluation The Current Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Revisited Results of a Survey of the POSNA Membership Zionts, Lewis E. MD Morcuende, Jose A. MD Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus A comprehensive outcome comparison of surgical and Ponseti clubfoot treatments with reference to pediatric norms John E. Herzenberg, Mid-term Results of Ponseti Method for the treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot - (A Study of 67 Clubfeet with Mean Five Year Follow-Up) Ponseti method compared with surgical treatment of clubfoot: a prospective comparison Has the rate of extensive surgery to treat idiopathic clubfoot declined in the United States? Zionts LE Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Update on Clubfoot: Etiology and Treatment Matthew B. Dobbs Ponseti management of clubfoot in older infants John E Herzenberg Steven L Frick Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Prevention of Late Deformity and Disability by Conservative Treatment With the Ponseti Technique Jose A Morcuende Treatment of idiopathic club foot using the Ponseti method: Initial experience Radical reduction in the rate of extensive corrective surgery for clubfoot using the Ponseti method. Morcuende JA , Dolan LA, Dietz FR, Ponseti IV . Nonsurgical Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot Evaluation of the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by using the Ponseti method.. .Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet. Dobbs MB Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. Talipes equinovarus and maternal smoking: a population-based case-control study in Washington state Clubfoot: what have we learned in the last quarter century?
Successful Ponseti-treated Clubfeet at Age 2 Years: What Is the Rate of Surgical Intervention After This? Comparison of ponseti method versus surgical treatment in congenital idiopathic clubfoot: A 5-year follow up study Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse Does the Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Stand Up to the March of Time? Commentary on an article by Lewis E. Zionts, MD, et al.: “Sixty Years On: Ponseti Method for Clubfoot Treatment Produces High Satisfaction Despite Inherent Tendency to Relapse” - Letts, R. Mervyn MD, MSc, FRCSCa
Functional Outcomes Following Treatment for Clubfoot: Ten-Year Follow-up December 2018 - Kelly A Jeans, Lori A. Karol, Ashley L. Erdman, Wilshaw StevensThe Ponseti Method Decreased the Surgical Incidence in Children with Congenital Clubfoot A Population-Based, 8 Birth-Year Cohort Study Plantar Pressures After Nonoperative Treatment for Clubfoot: Intermediate Follow-up at Age 5 Years Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus (3 year old limit on conservative approaches, this study's results should be considered suspect and an outlier) Ponseti treatment for idiopathic clubfoot: minimum 5-year followup John E Herzenberg Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: Minimum 2-year follow-up. Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note.
Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, Foot Involvement, Gait, and Foot Motion Does idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus have an impact on attainment of developmental milestones? A multicentre international study Gross Motor Function at 10 Years of Age in Children With Clubfoot Following the French Physical Therapy Method and the Ponseti Technique Clubfoot Does Not Impair Gross Motor Development in 5-Year-Olds Gross Motor Skills in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and the Association Between Gross Motor Skills, FootInvolvement, Gait, and Foot Motion A Longitudinal Review of Gait Following Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: Gait Analysis at 2 and 5 Years of Age The Relationship Between Gait, Gross Motor Function, and Parental Perceived Outcome in Children With Clubfeet Walking Age of Infants with Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Athletic Ability of School-Age Children After Satisfactory Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot Achievement of gross motor milestones in children with idiopathic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method
Foot function during gait and parental perceived outcome in older children with symptomatic club foot deformity Gait kinetics in children with clubfeet treated surgically or with the Ponseti method: A meta-analysis Gait in 5-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot: A cohort study of 59 children, focusing on foot involvement and the contralateral foot Results of Gait Analysis Including the Oxford Foot Model in Children with Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method Gait analysis of children treated for moderate clubfoot with physical therapy versus the Ponseti cast technique Gait analysis after initial nonoperative treatment for clubfeet: intermediate term followup at age 5
Does Laterality of Deformity Influence the Severity of the Idiopathic Clubfoot? Are bilateral idiopathic clubfeet more severe than unilateral feet? A severity and treatment analysis The contralateral foot in children with unilateral clubfoot: a study of pressures and forces involved in gait.
*See the "Neglected Clubfoot" section for papers studying the Ponseti Method for children of walking age, or older.
Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Timing for Ponseti clubfoot management: does the age matter? 90 children (131 feet) with a mean follow-up of 5 years Early application of the Ponseti casting technique for clubfoot correction in sick infants at the neonatal intensive care unit Management of Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) by Ponseti Casting Technique in Neonates: Our Experience Does Clubfoot Treatment Need to Begin As Soon As Possible? Lewis Zionts, Treatment of Clubfoot with the Ponseti Method: Should We Begin Casting in the Newborn Period or Later? Ponseti Method: Does Age at the Beginning of Treatment Make a Difference?
Development of foot length in children with congenital clubfoot up to 7 years of age: a prospective follow-up study Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Anthropometric measurements in Ponseti treated clubfeet Calf Circumference Discrepancies in Patients With Unilateral Clubfoot Ponseti Versus Surgical Release Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot
Sport Ability during Walking Age in Clubfoot-Affected Children after Ponseti Method: A Case-Series Study Walking capacity of children with clubfeet in primary school: Something to worry about?
Does generalized joint hypermobility influence the Ponseti treatment of clubfoot patients? Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus Joint laxity and the risk of clubfoot Vincent S Mosca
Correlation of radiographic parameters with clinical correction in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus undergoing Ponseti treatment Sonoelastographic Findings in Clubfeet Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children "3D Digitization technique for the Assessment of clubfoot deformity in new born baby"- A Review Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Early Radiographic Changes in the Lateral Talocalcaneal Angle Following Achilles Tenotomy in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot Assessment of the talar deformity and alignment in congenital clubfoot using three-dimensional MRI after Ponseti method Assessment of the ankle joint in clubfeet and normal feet to the age of four years by ultrasonography Residual Equinus After the Ponseti Method: An MRI-based 3-Dimensional Analysis Radiological Assessment of Idiopathic Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique Radiographic Prognostic Factors for Selective Soft Tissue Release After Ponseti Failure in Young Pediatric Clubfoot Patients The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up Ponseti Casting Method in Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot and Its Correlation with Radiographic Features Abstract Nonoperatively Corrected Clubfoot at Age 2 Years: Radiographs Are Not Helpful in Predicting Future Relapse Can Radiographs Predict Outcome in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet Treated With the Ponseti Method? Radiographic Indicators of Surgery and Functional Outcome in Ponseti-Treated Clubfeet The Effect of Clinical, Radiographic and Functional Scores on the Total Score in the Evaluation of Congenital Clubfoot Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? 3D MRI Analysis of the Lower Legs of Treated Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Correlation between clinical outcome of surgically treated clubfeet and different radiological parameters Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Radiographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet undergoing Ponseti treatment Assessment of talus deformity by three-dimensional MRI in congenital clubfoot February The influence of treatment on the pathology of club foot. CT study at maturity. Magnetic resonance imaging study of the congenital clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method. Pirani S , Zeznik L, Hodges D
Prospective, Randomized Ponseti Treatment for Clubfoot: Orthopaedic Surgeons Versus Physical Therapists The effectiveness of three-phase physiotherapy program in children with clubfoot after Ponseti treatment Congenital clubfoot: Ponseti method and its applicability by the physical therapist Comparison of Surgeon and Physiotherapist-Directed Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Early results of a physiotherapist-delivered Ponseti service for the management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus foot deformity
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on clubfoot program at tertiary care institute A survey on idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) managed by the Ponseti technique at Mulago Hospital - Uganda A Community Audit of 300 "Drop-Out" Instances in Children Undergoing Ponseti Clubfoot Care in Bangladesh-What Do the Parents Say? Clinical, Radiological, Pedobarographic, and Quality of Life Outcomes of the Ponseti Treatment for Clubfoot: A Prospective Study from Iran Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Method: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Five Year Experience Ponseti Method in Brazil,: First Ten Years of a Clubfoot Website - Users Profile Talipes equinovarus or Clubfoot: A review of study approaches, management and trends in Pakistan The role of clubfoot training programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review Clinical outcomes and risk-factor analysis of the Ponseti Method in a low-resource setting: Clubfoot care in Haiti Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Ponseti Technique for the Management of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in a Rural Set-Up in India: Experience of 356 Patients Walk for life - the National Clubfoot Project of Bangladesh: the four-year outcomes of 150 congenital clubfoot cases following Ponseti method Descriptive epidemiology and predisposing factors to idiopathic talipes equinovarus in South South Nigeria A cross-sectional study investigating impressions and opinions of medical rehabilitation professionals on the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treatment of clubfoot in Harare, Zimbabwe The impact of the Ponseti treatment method on parents and caregivers of children with clubfoot: a comparison of two urban populations in Europe and Africa Ponseti method compared to previous treatment of clubfoot in Norway. A multicenter study of 205 children followed for 8–11 years The Bangladesh clubfoot project: audit of 2-year outcomes of Ponseti treatment in 400 children Brazil - Treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot using the Ponseti method: ten years of experience Towards effective Ponseti clubfoot care: the Uganda Sustainable Clubfoot Care Project Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population Results of manipulation of idiopathic clubfoot deformity in Malawi by orthopaedic clinical officers using the Ponseti method: a realistic alternative for the developing world?
Synthetic Cast Material Versus Plaster of Paris for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Protocol: A Comparative Analysis of 136 Feet Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study Treatment for Clubfoot: Stockinette Versus Webril Cast Padding in the Ponseti Method Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method – Parental distress during plaster casting Ponseti casting for clubfoot - fiberglass or plaster casting? A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Proposal of an innovative casting technique for correction of clubfoot according to Ponseti method: a pilot study Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Treatment of Clubfoot With Ponseti Method Using Semirigid Synthetic Softcast Comparison of cast materials for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot using the Ponseti method: a prospective randomized controlled trial Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Ponseti casting A NEW SOFT OPTION Treatment of clubfoot with the Ponseti method: a comparison of casting materials Effect of Cast Removal Timing in the Correction of Idipoathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Jose A Morcuende Ponseti versus traditional methods of casting for idiopathic clubfoot. J Herzenberg Parent satisfaction comparing two bandage materials used during serial casting in infants. Mechanical properties and material characteristics of orthopaedic casting material. Accelerated or "Fast" Casting
Magnetic Resonance imaging of severe idiopathic club foot treated with one-week accelerated Ponseti technique Accelerated Ponseti method: First experiences in a more convenient technique for patients with severe idiopathic club feet Results of a Standard versus an Accelerated Ponseti Protocol for Clubfoot: A Prospective Randomized Study ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Traditional and accelerated Ponseti technique: a comparative study An accelerated Ponseti versus the standard Ponseti method A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial Results of an accelerated Ponseti protocol for clubfoot. Morcuende JA , Ponseti IV .
Well though-out introduction of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy during functional treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Which indications produce the best results? MRI recovery of the Achilles tendon after percutaneous tenotomy in older children Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy under local anaesthetic in the clubfoot clinic was safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, for both children and parents Effect of Achilles tendon on kinematic coupling relationship between tarsal bones: a pilot finite element study Lengthening of Achilles Tendon from the Percutaneous Tenotomy Procedure in Ponseti’s Method Ultrasonographic aspects of the Achilles tendon after tenotomy for the treatment of congenital clubfoot by the Ponseti technique Confirmation of Tenotomy Healing at 3 Weeks Using the Ponseti Protocol Early management of clubfoot by the Ponseti method with complete percutaneous tenotomy of tendoachillis A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Extended Ponseti method for failed tenotomy in idiopathic clubfeet: a pilot study Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method Percutaneous heel cord release for clubfoot: a retrospective, multicentre cost analysis Frequency of percutaneous achilles tenotomy in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot using the ponseti method Percutaneous achillotomy in the treatment of congenital clubfoot: should it be performed in the operating theater or the polyclinic? Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure and current practising trends among New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons Early Results of a New Technique of Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfoot: The Posterior to Anterior Controlled (PAC) Techniques Sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon healing in tenotomies for congenital clubfoot and Ponsetis treatment. A 12-week follow-up The impact of the early tenotomy of the Achilles tendon on the length and results of the treatment of severe forms of congenital clubfoot A comparison study on hindfoot correction, Achilles tendon length and thickness between clubfoot patients treated with percutaneous Achilles tendon tenotomy versus casting alone using Ponseti method ‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh Experience with Ponseti Protocol and Achilles Tenotomy in the management of Clubfoot at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria Initial Correction Predicts the Need for Secondary Achilles Tendon Procedures in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated With Ponseti Casting A mini-open technique for Achilles tenotomy in infantswith clubfoot Sept 2015 Comparative results of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy to combined open Achilles tenotomy with posterior capsulotomy in the correction of equinus deformity in congenital talipes equinovarus Lateral Tibiocalcaneal Angle As a Determinant for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy for Idiopathic Clubfeet Reliability of radiographic measures in infants with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method Ultrasonographic findings after Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti treatment for clubfeet: Is ultrasound a reliable tool to assess tendon healing? Effect of Achilles tenotomy on congenital clubfoot-associated calf-muscle atrophy: an ultrasonographic study Propofol sedation for infants with idiopathic clubfoot undergoing percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy Ultrasonographic observation of the healing process in the gap after a Ponseti-type Achilles tenotomy for idiopathic congenital clubfoot at two-year follow-up Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for Tendo-achillis Release in cases of Clubfoot – Technical Note See a video showing the Needle Tenotomy procedureEDIT: This video is no longer public. You may be able to view it by contacting the authors of the paper directly.
Achilles tenotomy as an office procedure: safety and efficacy as part of the Ponseti serial casting protocol for clubfoot Multiple tenotomies after Ponseti method for management of severe rigid clubfoot Safety of percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy performed under general anesthesia on infants with idiopathic clubfoot Analytical radiography of clubfoot after tenotomy Predicting the need for tenotomy in the Ponseti method for correction of clubfeet
. "The goal of the extensive bracing regime is to prevent recurrence by opposing the deforming forces at the medial ankle–foot joints that persist or reoccur after initial correction of the clubfoot" (Ponseti 2002, Dobbs and Gurnett 2009, Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017).
Bracing in Clubfoot: What is Different in 2021? Development of a functional prototype of a SMART (Sensor-integrated for Monitoring And Remote Tracking) foot abduction brace for clubfoot treatment: a pre-clinical evaluation Clubfoot relapse: does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse? Significance Of Pirani Score at Bracing-Implications for Recognizing A Corrected Clubfoot NOTE: This paper has important information about bracing and relapse
Bracing Comparisons
The influence of brace type on the success rate of the Ponseti treatment protocol for idiopathic clubfoot A modification of the Ponseti method for clubfoot management: a prospective comparative study The foot external rotation above knee (FERAK) brace versus the Denis Browne brace for management of idiopathic clubfoot following Ponseti casting: a randomized controlled trial Is unilateral lower leg orthosis with acircular foot unit in the treatment ofidiopathic clubfeet a reasonable bracing alternative in the Ponseti method? Five-year results of a supraregional paediatric-orthopaedic centre Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Foot Abduction Brace/Bar (FAB, BnB, Boots & Bar, DBB)
Development of a functional prototype of a SMART (Sensor-integrated for Monitoring And Remote Tracking) foot abduction brace for clubfoot treatment: a pre-clinical evaluation Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: Results of Treatment and Are We Bracing Effectively? Foot abduction brace noncompliance in children with idiopathic clubfoot: how the deep squatting posture might help Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Effect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Perspective Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Bracing in clubfoot: do we know enough? June 2019 - C. AlvesEffect of bar length on foot abduction and ankle dorsiflexion in Steenbeek foot abduction brace Open-Source Three-Dimensional Printable Infant Clubfoot Brace Project: The Do-It-Yourself approach and open source solutions applied to all fields of our life (even for research purposes) The foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace The quality of Achilles tendon repair five to eight years after percutaneous tenotomy in the treatment of clubfoot: clinical and ultrasonographic findings Inferior results with unilateral compared with bilateral brace in Ponseti-treated clubfeet Is the same brace fit for all? The length of abduction bar in Steenbeek foot abduction brace for Indian children—A pilot study Steenbeek foot abduction brace for clubfoot: Cost-effective but is it effective? A prospective study The Dynamicity of Steenbeek Foot Abduction Brace for Clubfoot in Dorsiflexion and Pronation: A Pilot Study Factors predicting brace noncompliance among idiopathic clubfoot patients treated with the Ponseti method Factors affecting adherence with foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti method Prospective evaluation of the use of Mitchell shoes and dynamic abduction brace for idiopathic clubfeet The Ponseti method of treatment for clubfoot in Brazil: barriers to bracing compliance Orthosis Noncompliance After the Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfeet: A Relevant Problem That Needs Reevaluation Positive Communication Paradigm Decreases Early Recurrence in Clubfoot Treatment ** Elizabeth A Szalay Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Experience With the Mitchell-Ponseti Brace Lewis Zionts, Bracing in the treatment of children with clubfoot: past, present, and future 2010 - Lajja Desai, BSE, Florin Oprescu, MD, PhD, Andrew DiMeo, PhD,* and Jose A Morcuende, MD, PhD Bracing Following Correction of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Zionts, Lewis E. MD; Dietz, Frederick R. MD Improved bracing compliance in children with clubfeet using a dynamic orthosis. Effect of cultural factors on outcome of Ponseti treatment of clubfeet in rural America ** Szalay EA , Bosch PP, Sweet KR, Schwend RMSedation protocols for Ponseti clubfoot Achilles tenotomy Foot abduction brace in the Ponseti method for idiopathic clubfoot deformity: torsional deformities and compliance A new dynamic foot abduction orthosis for clubfoot treatment. Matthew Dobbs Use of the foot abduction orthosis following Ponseti casts: is it essential? Factors predictive of outcome after use of the Ponseti method for the treatment of idiopathic clubfeet Matthew B Dobbs, Early results of the Ponseti method using the Steenbek foot abduction brace: A prospective study of 95 feet Bracing Time/Length & Compliance
Use of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method? Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Design and descriptive data of the randomized Clubfoot Foot Abduction Brace Length of Treatment Study (FAB24) Matthew B Dobbs, Steven L Frick, Vincent S Mosca The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Prolonged use of foot abduction brace reduces the rate of surgery in Ponseti-treated idiopathic club feet A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Reported and Measured Wear Rates in Clubfoot Bracing Using a Novel Pressure Sensor Abduction Dorsiflexion Mechanism (ADM) ADM prospective studies *This is not a published paper or confirmed study; but it might be ongoing. If you wish to participate see this page and email the study contact. Feasibility of Other Orthosis for Talipes (FOOT) trial
Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)
Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review Using the modified Ponseti method to treat complex clubfoot: Early results Complex Clubfoot Treatment With Ponseti Method: A Latin American Multicentric Study Clinical outcomes of iatrogenic complex clubfoot treated with modified Ponseti method Complex Clubfoot Treatment With Ponseti Method: A Latin American Multicentric Study Evaluation of modified Ponseti technique in treatment of complex clubfeet Complex iatrogenic clubfoot: is it a real entity? Treatment of complex idiopathic clubfoot using the modified Ponseti method: up to 11 years follow-up Atypical clubfoot: Early identification and treatment by modification of the standard Ponseti Technique Treatment of the complex idiopathic clubfoot Ignacio V Ponseti Jose A Morcuende Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities
Prognostic factors for recurrent idiopathic clubfoot deformity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis Relapse Pattern in Club Foot Treated with Ponseti Technique -A Prospective Observational Study from Kerala, India Concomitant Talocalcaneal Coalition as a Risk Factor for Early Relapse Following Ponseti Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the, number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? NOTE: This paper discusses relapse as associated with Pirani and Dimeglio scores
Minoxidil decreases collagen I deposition and tissue-like contraction in clubfoot- derived cells: a way to improve conservative treatment of relapsed clubfoot? Can Repeated Ponseti Management for Relapsed Clubfeet Produce the Outcome Comparable With the Case Without Relapse? A Clinical Study in Term of Gait Analysis Factors Affecting Parents to ‘Drop-Out’ from Ponseti Method and Children’s Clubfoot Relapse Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Factors Related to Early Recurrence of Idiopathic Clubfoot Post the Ponseti Method Poor Evertor Muscle Activity Is a Predictor of Recurrence in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Prospective Longitudinal Study With a 5-Year Follow-up. The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot NOTE: This paper shows awesome images of what relapse looks like.
Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time A Systematic Review Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Joint hyperlaxity prevents relapses in clubfeet treated by Ponseti method—preliminary results Jose Morcuende Efficacy of Ponseti Technique in Virgin and Relapsed Clubfeet: A Comparative Study Casting Is Effective for Recurrence Following Ponseti Treatment of Clubfoot Identification and treatment of residual and relapsed idiopathic clubfoot in 88 children Relapse following use of Ponseti method in idiopathic clubfoot Clubfoot relapse: does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse? Functional outcome of tendoachilles following Ponseti’s tenotomy for treatment of congenital talipes equino varus in children older than two years The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Management of clubfoot relapses with the Ponseti method: results of a survey of the POSNA members Morcuende J. Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Residual forefoot deformity predicts the need for future surgery in clubfeet treated by Ponseti casting The Objective Measurement of Brace-Use Adherence in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Lewis E. Zionts, MD Classification of relapse pattern in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique Treatment Results of Late-relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Previously Treated With the Ponseti Method Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Gastrocsoleus fascial release for correction of equinus deformity in residual or relapsed clubfoot Relapsing and residual clubfoot deformities after the application of the Ponseti method: a contemporary review. Relapse of clubfoot after treatment with the Ponseti method and the function of the foot abduction orthosis Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot What Proportion of Patients Need Extensive Surgery After Failure of the Ponseti Technique for Clubfoot? Treatment of Clubfoot With the Ponseti Method A Comparison of Casting Materials Early clubfoot recurrence after use of the Ponseti method in a New Zealand population. Late recurrence of clubfoot deformity: a 45-year followup. Dobbs MB Morcuende JA, Ponseti IV Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment. Ponseti IV. Iowa Orthop J. Relapse Assessment Clubfoot Relapse Surgery (Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfer - ATTT/TATT/ATT)
Normalization of Forefoot Supination After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Dynamic Clubfoot Recurrence How Many Patients Who Have a Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method are Likely to Undergo a Tendon Transfer? Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsing Idiopathic Clubfoot Jose A. Morcuende, MD, PhD
NOTE: This full text paper shows both still images and video of the ATTT surgery
How Do Different Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer Techniques Influence Forefoot and Hindfoot Motion? Factors Predictive of Second Recurrence in Clubfeet Treated by Ponseti Casting Long-Term Results of Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Relapsed Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated with the Ponseti Method A Follow-up of Thirty-seven to Fifty-five Years Morcuende, Jose A. MD, PhD Plantar Pressures Following Anterior Tibialis Tendon Transfers in Children With Clubfoot Nerve Structures at Risk in the Plantar Side of the Foot During Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer A Cadaver Study Herzenberg, John E. MD, FRCSC2 Relapse After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer in Idiopathic Clubfoot Treated by the Ponseti Method Morcuende, José A. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer for residual dynamic supination deformity in treated club feet. Other Relapse Surgery
Clubfoot Severity Scoring/Classification (initial assessment)
Can clubfoot scoring systems predict the number of casts and future recurrences in patients undergoing Ponseti method? Predictive ability of scoring systems towards casting in treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method in infants Assessment of severity of clubfoot in walking children by combined multiple tools: A new classification system Correlation of age and severity scores to the number of Ponseti casts in Indian infants with clubfeet Clinical examination and classification systems of congenital clubfoot: a narrative review Assessing public awareness of clubfoot and knowledge about the importance of early childhood treatment: a cross-sectional survey Prediction of Number of Casts and Need of Tenotomy Using Pirani Score in the Management of Clubfoot Dimeglio Score Predicts Treatment Difficulty During Ponseti Casting for Isolated Clubfoot Correlation of scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction in the older child Ponseti Method of Correction of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Deformity Under Two Year of Age Using Dimeglio Scoring System Are scoring systems useful for predicting results of treatment for clubfoot using the ponseti method? Prognosticating Factors of Relapse in Clubfoot Management by Ponseti Method Note: This paper uses data from Pirani score, number of casts, and bracing compliance to get their results. Therefore it will be listed in 3 categories on this page.
Interobserver Reliability of Pirani Clubfoot Severity Scoring between an Orthopedic Surgeon, a Resident Doctor, and a Nonmedical Counsellor at a Clubfoot Clinic Predicting the Need for Tenotomy in the Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by the Ponseti Method The Role of Pirani Scoring in Predicting the Frequency of Casting and the Need for Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot Using the Ponseti Method Comparison of Dimeglio and Pirani score in predicting number of casts and need for tenotomy in clubfoot correction using the Ponseti method Developing a Three-Dimensional (3D) Assessment Method for Clubfoot—A Study Protocol Classification Systems to Evaluate the Clubfoot and Their Potential Use to Predict the Course and the Results of the Ponseti Method Treatment Significance Of Pirani Score at Bracing-Implications for Recognizing A Corrected Clubfoot The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Different Levels of Deformity Severity The Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio Scoring Systems for Ponseti Management at Diferent Levels of Deformity Severity Use of the Pirani score in monitoring progression of correction and in guiding indications for tenotomy in the Ponseti method: Are we comingto the same decisions? Correlation of Pirani score and Foot bimalleolar angle in the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus by Ponseti method in infants The Pirani Scoring System is Effective in Assessing Severity and Monitoring Treatment of Clubfeet in Children The Heel Pad in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: Implications of Empty Heel for Clinical Severity Assessment Jose A Morcuende Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot letter to the editor re: Predicting the Need for Surgical Intervention in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot June 2016 - Aydin, Bahattin K. MD; Sofu, Hakan MD
Correlation of Pirani and Dimeglio scores with number of Ponseti casts required for clubfoot correction Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children? Interobserver reliability in Pirani clubfoot severity scoring between a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon and a physiotherapy assistant Clubfoot: The Treatment Outcome Using Quantitative Assessment of Deformity Does the Pirani score predict relapse in club foot? Clubfoot classification: correlation with Ponseti cast treatment A Reliable and Valid Method of Assessing the Amount of Deformity in the Congenital Clubfoot Deformity S. Pirani, The role of the Pirani scoring system in the management of club foot by the Ponseti method The classification of congenital talipes equinovarus A method of evaluating the virgin clubfoot with substantial inter-observer reliability. Presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Annual Meeting 1995, Miami, Florida ,An independent assessment of two clubfoot-classification systems Classification of clubfoot Diméglio A Ultrasound Assessment of Clubfoot Severity
Assessment of the severity of club foot in neonates treated by the ponseti method in correlation with ultrasonography and foot bimalleolar angle Radiography and sonography of clubfoot: A comparative study The Role of Ultrasound in Clubfoot Treatment: Correlation with the Pirani Score and Assessment of the Ponseti Method Ultrasound evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment: a preliminary report Clubfoot Assessment (after treatment)
Remote monitoring of clubfoot treatment with digital photographs in low resource settings: Is it accurate? The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot Evaluation of a simple tool to assess the results of Ponseti treatment for use by clubfoot therapists: a diagnostic accuracy study The Bangla clubfoot tool: A repeatability study
Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Increased Microvessel and Arteriole Density in the Contracted Side of the Relapsed Clubfoot Novel contribution to clubfoot pathogenesis: The possible role of extracellular matrix proteins The congenital clubfoot – immunohistological analysis of the extracellular matrix
Association Between TPM1 Gene Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Risk in a Chinese Population Co-occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub-Saharan African cohort: Whole-exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes Analysis OF C677T polymorphism in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene as a risk factor for congenital talipes equino varus (CTEV) Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot Clubfoot deformity in the Solomon Islands: Melanesian versus Polynesian ethnicity, a retrospective cohort study Evaluation of genetic susceptibility of common variants in SOX9 in patients with congenital talipes equinovarus in the Han Chinese population Whole‑exome sequencing study identifies two novel rare variations associated with congenital talipes equinovarus Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot The genetics of isolated and syndromic clubfoot Dobbs MB Expanded Age Indication for Ponseti Method for Correction of Congenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus: A Systematic Review The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Genetics of clubfoot; recent progress and future perspectives Functional Assessment of Clubfoot Associated HOXA9, TPM1, and TPM2 Variants Suggests a Potential Gene Regulation Mechanism. A systematic review of association studies of common variants associated with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) in humans in the past 30 years Three novel missense mutations in the filamin B gene are associated with isolated congenital talipes equinovarus Etiopathogenesis of equinovarus foot malformations Consanguineous marriage and increased risk of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a case-control study in a rural area Copy number analysis of 413 isolated talipes equinovarus patients suggests role for transcriptional regulators of early limb development Steven L Frick, John E Herzenberg, Matthew B Dobbs SOX9 overexpression plays a potential role in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Possible role of GLI3 gene in the pathogenesis of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Congenital talipes equinovarus--family occurrence Parental consanguinity and associated factors in congenital talipes equinovarus Congenital talipes equinovarus in Papua New Guinea: a difficult yet potentially manageable situation Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Apoptotic gene analysis in idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) NAT2 variation and idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Pedigree analysis and epidemiological features of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in the United Kingdom: a case-control study Association and mutation analysis of GLI3 gene in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Variation in CASP10 gene is associated with idiopathic talipes equinovarus Analysis of association between 5' HOXD gene and idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Genetics of club foot in Maori and Pacific people Epidemiology and genetic theories in the etiology of congenital talipes equinovarus Congenital talipes in Malaysian neonates: incidence, pattern and associated factors Associated Risk Factors (potential) Association between maternal age at conception and risk of idiopathic clubfoot Smoking, the xenobiotic pathway, and clubfoot Maternal smoking and the risk for clubfoot in infants Family history, maternal smoking, and clubfoot: an indication of a gene-environment interaction
NOTE: This study used AFO's for both groups. AFO as a brace for feet corrected with the Ponseti Method is shown to be ineffective. See the Bracing Studies section above > sub-section AFO. This paper's results show positive results for the Ponseti group, but we believe using AFO for bracing post casting is a modification of the Ponseti Method, and as such likely skews the success rates significantly.
The Ponseti method of treatment for neuromuscular and syndromic (non-idiopathic) clubfeet: evaluation of a programme-based approach at a mean follow-up of 5.8 years January 2021 - Avi Shah, Alaric Aroojis, Rujuta MehtaClubfoot Infants Initially Thought to be Idiopathic, But Later Found Not to Be. How do They do With Nonoperative Treatment? Neurodevelopmental difficulties negatively affect health‐related quality of life in children with idiopathic clubfoot Treatment of syndrome-associated congenital talipes equinovarus using the Ponseti method: 4-12 years of follow-up A single-center prospective evaluation of the Ponseti method in nonidiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method Impact of congenital talipes equinovarus etiology on treatment outcomes Matthew B Dobbs Arthrogryposis
The Effectiveness of Serial Casting in the Treatment of Recurrent Equinovarus in Children With Arthrogryposis The 5-Year Outcome of the Ponseti Method in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and Arthrogryposis Challenging clubfeet: the arthrogrypotic clubfoot and the complex clubfoot The effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis: up to 8 years follow-up Correction of arthrogrypotic clubfoot with a modified Ponseti technique Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot in distal arthrogryposis Myelomeningocele
Osteomyelitis Secondary to Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfoot Associated with Meningomyelocele Effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele: 3-9 years follow-up Early results of the Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot associated with myelomeningocele Spina Bifida Tethered Cord
Analysis of the efficacy of the Ponseti method for treatment of secondary clubfoot in young children with tethered cord syndrome Clubfoot and Tethered Cord Syndrome: Results of Treatment With the Ponseti Method Amniotic Band Syndrome
The Ponseti Method for the Treatment of Clubfeet Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome: A Single Institution 20-Year Experience Clubfeet and congenital constriction band syndrome Importance of operative intervention in the treatment of clubfoot associated with congenital constriction Band syndrome The Effectiveness of the Ponseti Method for Treating Clubfoot Associated With Amniotic Band Syndrome The Use of the Ponseti Method to Treat Clubfeet Associated With Congenital Annular Band Syndrome Resistant talipes equinovarus associated with congenital constriction band syndrome Polydactyly
Congenital Left Foot Polydactyly in Corrected Case of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus of Left Foot Idiopathic talipes equinovarus with preaxial polydactyly of the foot: a case report Clubfoot associated with preaxial polydactyly Clubfoot, Congenital, with or without Deficiency of Long Bones and/or Mirror-Image Polydactyly; CCF Developmental Hip Dysplasia, Congenital Muscular Torticollis Other specific disorders or conditions Saul-Wilson Syndrome ® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993. 2020 Feb 20.
**Studies associated with initial surgical correction - Non-Ponseti Method. Some are quite old, Some do not have text at all. Full texts can usually be specifically requested.
A Prospective, Median 15-Year Comparison of Ponseti Casting and Surgical Treatment of Clubfoot Outcomes of Naviculectomy for Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Deformity Plantar Pressures Following Surgical Release in Children With Clubfoot: Comparison of Posterior Release, Posteromedial Release, and Nonoperative Correction Correction of Recurrent Equinus Deformity in Surgically Treated Clubfeet by Anterior Distal Tibial Hemiepiphysiodesis Posteromedial Release versus Ponseti Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Long-Term Retrospective Follow-Up Study into Adolescence Ponseti method in the treatment of post-operative relapsed idiopathic clubfoot after posteromedial release. A short term functional study Talipes Equinovarus Treatment in Infants Treated by the Ponseti Method Compared With Posterior-Only Release: A Mid-Childhood Comparison of Results Late Effects of Clubfoot Deformity in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Whose Initial Treatment Was an Extensive Soft-tissue Release: Topic Review and Clinical Case Series Dobbs, Matthew B. MD A comparative study of pedobarography and ankle kinematics between children with idiopathic clubfoot after a soft tissue release procedure and controls Does an overcorrected clubfoot caused by surgery or by the Ponseti method behave differently? Foot size asymmetry following Ponseti treatment versus comprehensive surgical releases for unilateral clubfeet Growth Disturbance of the Distal Tibia in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet: Ankle Valgus and Anteflexion of the Distal Tibia Ponseti Treatment of Rigid Residual Deformity in Congenital Clubfoot After Walking Age Complications Associated with Ponseti Serial Casting and Surgical Correction via Soft Tissue Release in Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot NOTE: This paper describes the lack of skills associated with a learning-curve for those new to the method for Ponseti Casting. It also describes the learning-curve to likely be linked to the rate of complications this paper reports. It also does not describe casting material.
Long-term Results of Comprehensive Clubfoot Release Versus the Ponseti Method: Which Is Better? Fredrick R Dietz, Jose Morcuende, Correction of Residual Clubfoot Deformities in Older Children Using the Taylor Spatial Butt Frame and Midfoot Gigli Saw Osteotomy Hind-foot correction and stabilization by pins in plaster after surgical release of talipes equino varus feet in older children Is it Possible to Treat Recurrent Clubfoot with the Ponseti Technique After Posteromedial Release?: A Preliminary Study Use of the Ponseti method for recurrent clubfoot following posteromedial release Matthew B Dobbs Clinico-radiological assessment and their correlation in clubfeet treated with postero-medial soft-tissue release Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Clinical and Radiographic Features of Operatively Treated Stiff Clubfeet after Skeletal Maturity: Etiology of the Deformities and How to Prevent Them Overcorrection and generalized joint laxity in surgically treated congenital talipes equino-varus Correcting residual deformity following clubfoot releases Anthropometric study of patients treated for clubfoot Long-term comparative results in patients with congenital clubfoot treated with two different protocols. Orthopaedic treatment and passive motion machine: consequences for the surgical treatment of clubfoot. Diméglio A The Clubfoot - The Present and a View of the Future With a Foreword by M.O. Tachdjian - With 328 Figures in 523 Parts, 3 Figures in Color Deformity and disability from treated clubfoot Reoperation in treatment of clubfoot
Multi-Method Comparisons French Functional 20 years of functional treatment for clubfoot advantages and limitations compared with the Ponseti method March 2021 - Elbaum, Roberta; Noel, Brigitteb; Degueldre, Vincentb; Hallez, Mariec; Filloque, Erellec; Guerin, Virginied; Duvivier, Amandined The functional method: experience from the Robert Debré Hospital Standing and walking age in children with idiopathic clubfoot: French physiotherapy versus Ponseti method The hybrid method for the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus: Preliminary results on 92 consecutive feet Medial to posterior release procedure after failure of functional treatment in clubfoot: a prospective study Long-term Results of Treatment of Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot in 187 Feet Long-term results of treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot in 187 feet: outcome of the functional "French" method, if necessary completed by soft-tissue release The French functional physical therapy method for the treatment of congenital clubfoot A Comparison of Two Nonoperative Methods of Idiopathic Clubfoot Correction: The Ponseti Method and the French Functional (Physiotherapy) Method Copenhagen Ram's Taping Kite Assessment of Efficacy of Ponseti and Kite’s Method of Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Comparative Study Evaluation of Kite and Ponseti methods in the treatment of idiopathic congenital clubfoot Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for congenital Talipes Equino using the Pirani scoring system Comparison of Ponseti and Kite's method of treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. Conservative Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot: Kite versus Ponseti Method Nonoperative Treatment of Congenital Clubfoot Use of Ponseti's technique in recurrent clubfeet following Kite's method of correction Others
**Clubfoot is often left untreated in some underdeveloped nations and it can take some years to begin treatment. Usually patients are over 6 months to a year old, but often they are much older.
An analysis of treatment outcome following classical Ponseti technique in older children with clubfoot – A concept stretched too far? Changes in the Foot After Two Years of Deformity Correction in Neglected Clubfeet Treated With Modified Ponseti Technique Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Successfully Treated by the Ponseti Method: A Case Report of an Adult Patient who Started Treatment at 26 Years of Age Successful Treatment of Neglected Clubfeet in 10 Cases Using Ponseti Method, with Outcomes after 8 Years Ponseti Method After Walking Age - A Multi-Centric Study of 429 Feet: Results, Possible Treatment Modifications and Outcomes According to Age Groups - Project: THE PONSETI METHOD IN NEGLECTED CLUBFOOT Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: adjunctive surgery J. E. Herzenberg Results of Modified Ponseti Technique in Difficult Clubfoot and a review of literature The Ponseti method of clubfoot treatment in walking age children: is it effective? A study of 56 children from 1 to 10 years of age Modified Ponseti technique for management of neglected clubfeet Result of Neglected Idiopathic Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Technique: A Case Study of Zero Clubfoot Project in Bangladesh NOTE: This paper follows a 24 year old untreated/neglected university student treated with Ponseti Method
Outcomes of the Ponseti Method for Untreated Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients Seen Between the Ages of One and Five Years and Followed for at Least 10 Years Evaluation of Ponseti method in neglected clubfoot Management of Idiopathic Clubfoot by Ponseti Technique in Children Presenting After One Year of Age The Ponseti method in the treatment of children with idiopathic clubfoot presenting between five and ten years of age Management of idiopathic clubfoot in toddlers by Ponseti's method Ponseti's manipulation in neglected clubfoot in children more than 7 years of age: A prospective evaluation of 25 feet with long-term follow-up Ponseti Method for Untreated Idiopathic Clubfeet in Nepalese Patients From 1 to 6 Years of Age Correction of neglected idiopathic club foot by the Ponseti method Ponseti technique for the correction of idiopathic clubfeet presenting up to 1 year of age. A preliminary study in children with untreated or complex deformities The Neglected Clubfoot Iliazarov Technique/Frame/External Fixators Neglected сlubfoot treated by Ilizarov and Ponseti methods Congenital clubfoot treatment with external fixation: Italian experience since 2006 Treatment of complex foot deformities with hexapod external fixator in growing children and young adult patients Evaluation of neglected idiopathic ctev managed by ligamentotaxis using jess: a long-term followup Correction of Severe Recurrent Clubfoot Using a Simplified Setting of the Ilizarov Device Correction of severe residual clubfoot deformity in adolescents with the Ilizarov technique Correction of the neglected clubfoot by the Ilizarov method
Prognostic factors for recurrent idiopathic clubfoot deformity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis Unilateral limb orthosis for maintenance of deformity correction following treatment of clubfoot with Ponseti technique: a systematic review Relapses in clubfoot treated with Ponseti technique and standard bracing protocol- a systematic analysis Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review What is the optimal treatment for equinus deformity in walking-age children with clubfoot? A systematic review Idiopathic clubfoot treatment and heterogeneity of current therapeutic strategies: The Ponseti method versus the French functional method (a systematic review) A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Gross motor skill development is similar in children post Ponseti casting for congenital talipes equinovarus compared to typically developing children: a systematic review A systematic review of reported outcomes following Ponseti correction of idiopathic club foot Management Issues of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Influence of Beginning Time of Casting for Clubfoot Treatment by Ponseti Method in Different Age Group Infants: A Retrospective Study Congenital talipes equinovarus a systematic review of relapse as a primary outcome of the Ponseti method Relapse Rates in Patients with Clubfoot Treated Using the Ponseti Method Increase with Time: A Systematic Review The Ponseti method in children with clubfoot after walking age – Systematic review and metanalysis of observational studies The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review Systematic review and meta-analysis of global birth prevalence of clubfoot: a study protocol The Ponseti technique and improved ankle dorsiflexion in children with relapsed clubfoot: a retrospective data analysis Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review Birth prevalence of congenital talipes equinovarus in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) Results of clubfoot management using the Ponseti method: do the details matter? A systematic review The Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital club foot: review of the current literature and treatment recommendations
Outcome Measures in Clubfoot Development of a core outcome set for idiopathic clubfoot management a study protoco
